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Voices From the Spanish Civil War

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Posted on May 1, 2007

By Amy Goodman

Clarence Kailin is 92 years old. He recently traveled to New York City to attend the annual reunion of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. The brigade was originally made up of roughly 3,000 U.S. citizens who volunteered to fight in the Spanish Civil War, which raged from 1936 to 1939.

Seventy years later, Kailin recalled his reasons for leaving the comfort of Madison, Wis., to volunteer to fight in defense of Spain’s democratically elected government against a military coup led by Gen. Francisco Franco, backed by Adolf Hitler and Italian dictator Benito Mussolini: “It was fighting against Italian fascism and German Nazism. And we felt that if we lost the war, that World War II was pretty much inevitable, which is what happened. It happened because Britain and France and the United States refused to give us any help at all. And so, we fought barehanded at times.” 

Moe Fishman, a spry 91-year-old Lincoln Brigade veteran, seconds Kailin’s point about the U.S.: “If they had turned to fighting fascism, Hitler would not have attempted a two-front war. There would not have been World War II, where fascism almost won, and 60 million dead, with destruction beyond compare. And, no, there would have been no Holocaust if Hitler had been stopped in Spain in 1936-39.”

The Spanish Civil War is little taught in the U.S. You might know of it from Pablo Picasso’s famous antiwar painting, “Guernica.” Hundreds from around the world gathered in that Basque city on April 26, 2007, for the 70th anniversary of the German bombing there, one of the first aerial bombardments of civilians. The painting has resonance today. A tapestry of the painting that hangs in the U.N. was shrouded in 2003, just before then-Secretary of State Colin Powell gave his famous push for war, so that the antiwar image would not form the backdrop to U.S. press statements.

Or you might learn of the Spanish Civil War by reading George Orwell’s “Homage to Catalonia” or Ernest Hemingway’s “For Whom the Bell Tolls.” In our official history, World War II began for the U.S. with the bombing of Pearl Harbor, on Dec. 7, 1941. But Kailin and other veterans of the Spanish Civil War are living messengers of a different, authentic history, of the earlier fight against fascism and how World War II might have been prevented.

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When the veterans returned home, the U.S. government considered them communist sympathizers. Some were prevented from serving in World War II. The FBI actually labeled them “premature antifascists” (I am not making this up).

Among the 3,000 volunteers were 80 American women. Most of them served in the medical corps. The documentary “Into the Fire: American Women in the Spanish Civil War” features the nurses and brave women writers, like Dorothy Parker of The New Yorker, New York Times writer Virginia Cowles and author Martha Gellhorn. Gellhorn was a close friend of Eleanor Roosevelt, who opposed the U.S. arms embargo against Spain but failed to convince her husband, President Franklin Roosevelt, to end it. Gellhorn said: “I was in Germany in 1936, and could not avoid seeing these headlines about the Red Swine Dogs in Spain. I’d been in Spain, but I knew nothing about what had happened ... but all I needed was to read in a German paper that it was the Red Swine Dogs to know whose side I was on—theirs.”

The Spanish people endured fascism until Franco’s death in 1975. They know war. So it is perhaps no surprise that Spain saw some of the largest antiwar protests before the invasion of Iraq, nor is it surprising that when their prime minister allied with Bush/Cheney, they voted him out of office. His replacement, Prime Minister Jose Zapatero, immediately withdrew Spanish troops from Iraq.

In the United States, the surviving Spanish Civil War veterans are still working to pass on what they learned. They gathered at the Museum of the City of New York to celebrate its exhibit “Facing Fascism.” Like Clarence Kailin and Moe Fishman, Brigade veteran Matti Mattson, also in his 90s, preferred to look forward rather than look back. “We have to restore our democratic rights,” he said. “We have to get rid of this illegal war.” Let us learn from our elders.

Amy Goodman is the host of “Democracy Now!,” a daily international TV/radio news hour airing on 500 stations in North America.

© 2007 Amy Goodman; distributed by King Features Syndicate


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By Ibiza, December 2, 2010 at 11:06 pm Link to this comment

92 years old. Whenever I read articles that reflect age and energy, I wonder why one person has so much to contribute and energy that ensures he is relatively healthy, yet someone half his age, is locked away on the sofa and has little energy and no self drive to live life to the fullest.

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By Alan Bickley, June 11, 2007 at 10:48 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Amy Goodman writes “When the veterans returned home. . .The FBI actually labeled them “premature antifascists” (I am not making this up).”

True, Ms Goodman is not making up this charge, because it was made up by someone else—no one seems to know who—and the story was passed along in leftwing circles for the next 60 years. I once thoughtlessly included the story of premature antifascism in a lecture to a college class. It took two rightwing historians, John Haynes and Harvey Klehr, to nail the fact that there is no evidence for it. (See their article The Myth of Premature Antifascism in the Septmber 2002 New Criterion.)Some of what they writewill seem repugnant, but on this narrow point, they seem to be correct, while Amy is not. The sub-text is that Amy is often not correct and, more often, simply oblivious.

Let no one responding to this comment be mistaken about my politics; I honor the veterans of the International Brigades, and I consider myself an unreconstructed, unrepentant leftist. But our side prospers to the extent that we honor evidence over faith and fantasy.

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By Ashley, May 13, 2007 at 6:59 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

I am currently doing a huge history internal on benito Mussolini and came upon this site by accident so I have to say, reading that article has kind of made things a lot clearer for me and I now know exactly what i am going to writeconcerning benito Mussolini and The Spanish Civil War. THANK YOU!

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By YIKES, May 4, 2007 at 6:33 pm Link to this comment

You have my apology sir.  That misspelling must have been Freudian.

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By cann4ing, May 4, 2007 at 2:57 pm Link to this comment

To Yikes and GrammaConcept:  I sincerely appreciate the recognition and kind words, and while I try to be an earnest Ernest, there is no “a” in the name “Ernest.”

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By YIKES, May 4, 2007 at 2:39 pm Link to this comment

Thanks for the information Amy.  You too, Earnest.

I see that Amy is elevated enough to attract the
RUSH-ans.

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By Audrey A. Holmes Fatooh 6: 55 p.m., May 2, 200, May 2, 2007 at 7:02 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

(See above)

P.S.  I pray that Falluja may rise again from the ashes, and that U.S. reparation funds will rebuild all of Iraq that we have helped to destroy—and that the Iraqis are right in their predictions that when we leave they will find a way (quite quickly, I pray) to settle their differences and build a peaceful, new Iraq.

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By GrammaConcept, May 2, 2007 at 6:04 pm Link to this comment

....................Thank You, Earnest Canning…..........................

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By cann4ing, May 2, 2007 at 5:26 pm Link to this comment

re comment #67755 by Victor Berger.  Just how many sides do you think there were in the Spanish civil war?  “Bastion of Communism” is the typical canard that has been advanced by fascists, American as well as European, throughout the 20th Century to justify wars of aggression.  Inside Germany, the Nazis lumped the Social Democrats with the Communists as they set out to destroy the remnants of the democracy once known as the Weimar Republic.

The side that Franco overthrew, with the assistance of Hitler and Mussolini, was the lawfully constituted, democratically elected government of Spain.  That government sought help from the Soviets because they had been abandoned by other Western democracies who were too busy appeasing Hitler.  Any government that stood then, or stands now, for the rights of ordinary working people against the exploitative capitalists, was branded as “Communist.”

Then, of course, there is the name the Nazis applied to the resistance movements throughout occupied Europe during World War II.  They called them “terrorists.”

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By Eugene Whitney, May 2, 2007 at 1:43 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

President Bush’s veto of the people’s bill to support our troops proves beyond doubt that he is not competent to lead our country, and our only alternative is to impeach Bush and Cheney NOW!
The message on the Aircraft Carrier should have been
“Mission MisAccomplished!”

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By Victor Berger, May 2, 2007 at 12:36 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

What about the thousands of American volunteers that fought on the other side during the Spanish civil war?  They fought to keep Spain from becoming a bastion of Communism and also helped create a Spain that refused to ally with Hitler during WWII.  Why do blogs like yours always trumpet the possible accomplishments of losers and tear at actual achievements of the winners?

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By John Lowell, May 2, 2007 at 12:12 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

If I recall, last time Amy was complaining that the courts had just taken away her “right” to crush the skull of a baby some business woman felt at the last moment she didn’t feel like mothering. Today its fond memories of the International Brigades, that eternal monument to the stupifying naivety of the Western left in the 1930s. What Amy fails to tell you, of course, is how thoroughly the International Brigades were under the control of Soviet operatives as was her romanticized “Republican” government through most of Spanish Civil War. One wonders if she inquired of Moe Fishman what he thought of Stalin’s covert control of the Brigades and his “anti-fascism” at the time of the Ribbentrop Pact in 1939 or whether he’s had conversations with Arthur Koestler or George Orwell. What’s next, Amy, an ode to the Rosenbergs?

John Lowell

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By Oli Landwijt, May 2, 2007 at 10:57 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Thank you, Amy Goodman.
And thanks to the brave men and women who fought for Spain.
We need to learn unfiltered history, if it’s possible.  At least we should have more background.
Our ignorance and denial are klling people.

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By samuel burke, May 2, 2007 at 9:19 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Although the spanish people “endured” the govt of gen franco, they were saved from the oppressive and murdering communist govts that fell across eastern europe. What these communist apologist are constantly doing is setting up the boogie man of adolf hitler and the dreaded fascist ideal as the most dreaded hateful form of oppression, all the while, neglecting to address the murderning bolshevik led communist movements that caused more deaths than humanity has ever had to suffer probably since the beginning of time.

Socialist communism in russia alone murdered upwards of 50 million human souls and ruined and made hopeless the lives of untold million others that had to endure the oppression of that system for over 70 years in their beloved motherland ...in china mao and the cultural revolution murdered 100 million souls and oppressed the lives of millions others…..add to that cambodia…poland…hungary…rumania….bulgaria and all across latin america, and you will see that the history of this “glorious communism” painted by amy goodman is the most despicable form of govt foisted on humans since the beginning of time and yet all they can do is bring up adolf hitlers crimes and gen francos fascism as the end all of all crimes of humanity, all the while discounting the one hundred and fifty million plus of human souls whose lives were snuffed out in the name of the glorious form of govt that never was able to impose its murdering oppressive system in spain.

miss goodman….one single human life is priceless, but unless you havent noticed 150 million human lives ought to offend you a lot more and should give you pause before you pretend like communism in spain was such a missed opportunity, and that the fascism of gen francisco franco was more to be feared than the despicable bolshevik communism of lenin and the hero of the neoconservatives of todays age..leon trotsky.
in the end franco and men like allende may have not been the ideal for any society but the facts borne by history show that the communim they fought against IS the most murderous form of govt ever, and by comparison makes their fascism look appealing.

the truth will always surface even in the age of revisionism.

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By Jose, May 2, 2007 at 8:11 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

It’s good of you to highlight this. The Spanish Civil War gets brushed under the rug for a couple of ugly reasons. One of which is the Catholic Church’s support and complicity with the fascists. That’s an ugly moment in their history that people would rather forget. To their credit, they did start criticising Franco in the 70s. A bit late for the 300,000 people he executed but I suppose better later than never.

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By anonymous, May 2, 2007 at 8:04 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

“...when their prime minister allied with Bush/Cheney, they voted him out of office.”

The way I heard it, the Bush ally in Spain was expected to be reelected until he got caught lying about who bombed the trains.

I don’t think remembering past conflicts is the difference.  We can’t even remember what happened 40 years ago.  I doubt Spanish voters hate war any more that we do.  When it comes to winning, most people love it and when it comes to losing, most people hate it.

Who’d be complaining if Chalabi had been welcomed & Fallujah had become a Mesopotamian Las Vegas?

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By Gramma Concept, May 2, 2007 at 8:00 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

P.S…...Regarding the holocaust in Fallujah…...Ian Olds’ magnificant documentary…..“Occupation: Dreamland”......made shortly before that event is deep, wide, and thought-provokingly informative…..

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By Jaded Prole, May 2, 2007 at 7:51 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Thank you for reminding people about the bravery of those who volunteered to fight fascism on the front lines before our country had decided it was a threat. I have had the honor of knowing some of those veterans including Al Amery who did last year. We should be humbled and inspired by the commitment and sacrifices made to defeat fascism—that struggle continues.

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By Gramma Concept, May 2, 2007 at 7:49 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Dear Friends,
Thank you for printing this article!...“premature antifascists”, indeed!........The secret brotherhoods will say (and do) Anything to obfuscate humane human development and to breed despair….Be aware, and Beware.

My father was in the Abrahim Lincoln Brigade…...He told me, in his multi-dimensional and enlightened way, that the only thing he was Anti was fascism…(and the many faces thereof…..proper definitions are truly an amazing thing)....I have learned my father’s lessons well…......

God Is (still) Love, (all) war is (still) hell…..Strive On..Strive On…

With Love, and Warm Encouragement,
GrammaConcept

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By Constitutional Patriot, May 2, 2007 at 7:36 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Before WWII, HUAC investigated subversive activities conducted by both Fascists and Communists.

After WWII, HUAC only investigated claims of subversive activity by “Communists” - including brave Americans who fought for democracy in Spain as “premature anti-Fasacists”.

Clearly, the NAZIs won WWII and invaded the US government, manipulating the so-called Project Paper Clip to achieve politically what they could not achieve militarily.  In this the NAZIs were clearly aided by their “investors”, who were led by various elements of the American Power Elite including that acolyte to the Harriman fortune, Prescott Bush, grandfather of our current President.

In other words, it has been a Bush Family Value for at least 3 generations to commit treason for profit.

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By TC, May 2, 2007 at 6:14 am Link to this comment

“Or you might learn of the Spanish Civil War by reading George Orwell’s “Homage to Catalonia” or Ernest Hemingway’s “For Whom the Bell Tolls”.”

Homage to Catalonia especially. A great book. Orwell’s best, by far. Scarcely read back in the day. And the US war in Iraq is scarcely taught in schools today. Nor any novel directly about it, let alone Homefront: http://www.counterpunch.org/jacobs05232006.html.
Now why is that? Might it be that the US has a culture a lot like that of Germany of the 1930s and 1940s? Or is it just some magic inexplicable coincidence?

Maybe the current top US commander in Iraq General David Petraeus could tell us. He is after all much lauded for his “nuanced” assessments of the war, and has recently promised in September to give a “nuanced” account of the recent US “surge” in Iraq. What might General Nuance say…and would they ever teach it in school?—in this American culture so like Germany’s culture of the thirties and forties:

http://apragmaticpolicy.wordpress.com/2007/05/02/the-petraeus-plan-to-abolish-america/

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By THOMAS BILLIS, May 2, 2007 at 4:34 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Thank you for the article and the comment .I never thought of the Spanish civil in those terms.Thank you again.

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By cann4ing, May 1, 2007 at 10:02 pm Link to this comment

Amy Goodman’s article, like her earlier interviews of survivors of the Lincoln Brigade on Democracy Now, are journalistic masterpieces.  While hesitant to attempt to add to this magnificent piece, some observations made by Chalmers Johnson in “The Sorrows of Empire” seem appropos.

“Guenica, a small Basque village in northern Spain, was the site Adolf Hitler chose on April 27, 1937, to demonstrate his air force’s new high-explosive and incendiary bombs…The hamlet burned for three days, and sixteen hundred civilians were killed or wounded.”  The event’s modern sigificance is that the U.N. prominently displays “a tapestry reproduction of Pablo Picasso’s ‘Guernica’,” a “depiction of the atrocity,” which Johnson informs us, “is perhaps modern art’s most powerful anti-war statement”—so powerful that the US government took pains to cover the tapestry reproduction of Picasso’s ‘Guernica’ with a large blue curtain in advance of Collin Powell’s prewar address.  Johnson states the “government decided…the carnage wrought by aerial bombing was an inappropriate backdrop for its secretary and ambassador to the United Nations whey they televised statements that might lead to the bombing of Iraqi cities.”  [Pretty routine image manipulation for the Orwellian sociopaths of the Bush administration.]

In November 2004 the U.S. laid siege to the City of Falluja, an Iraqi town about the size of Cincinatti—the second such siege in seven months.  Independent journalist Dahr Jamail, who estimates that between 4,000 and 6,000 Iraqis were slaughtered, compared the seige to Guernica in an article published in London’s “Guardian.”  Ali Fadhil, one of the first independent journalists to enter the city some two months have the seige ended, observed:  “I couldn’t believe it.  The whole city is destroyed.  It was a big shock….I was here just before the American attack.  It’s hard to believe this is the same city.  Falluja used to be one of the modern Iraqi cities, and now there is nothing.”

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