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The Electricity in Your Garbage

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Posted on Aug 2, 2009
AP / Timothy Jacobsen

A farmhand loads fresh cow manure into an open-air cargo bed. The smelly stuff is currently used for fertilizer, but the farm’s owner hopes to turn it into methane gas that he can use to make electricity.

By T.L. Caswell

Gather ’round, dear readers, and I’ll tell you a little story that stinks. Even though it is filled with disagreeable smells, I think it will please you, especially if you’re among those folks who would rather not live in a dark, cold world. It’s a tale of “biomass,” that stuff that often starts out rank but ends up producing sweet, clean power.

Biomass is a word that’s new to most people, and you aren’t likely to hear it tossed around over Sunday dinner at Auntie Myrtle’s. But you can bet you will be exposed to it plenty in coming years.
 
Although the term has several definitions, here it is used to mean piles or containers of organic matter that can be tapped for energy. The list of biomass materials is long—agricultural and food waste, wood chips, yard clippings, microorganisms, animal byproducts and many other things.

Among the prime fodder of biomass scientists are hundreds of substances that aren’t bashful about giving off sinus-clearing scents. Yes, many of today’s biomass pioneers just love castoffs that reek. These men and women dance through a universe of aromas that are not welcome in the better parts of town. The stink from cow pies. From chicken dirt. From festering mountains of garbage. And, hold on to your tear glands, even rivers of onion juice.

On July 17, the Los Angeles Times ran a story about a Southern California farming company that is using onion juice to generate electricity and to save, it projects, more than $1 million a year. The company, Gills Onions, with only about 450 employees, isn’t some AIG-size conglomerate, but it thinks big: It will shave $700,000 a year off the electricity bill at its 14-acre plant in Oxnard by burning biomass fuel in a system that also will reduce the company’s waste disposal cost by $400,000 annually.

The system, called the first of its kind to convert onion waste into electricity, was unveiled last month. (Click here to see a picture of Gills’ anaerobic digester and a diagram of the system.)

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Co-owner Steve Gill explains that the plant uses two fuel cells in creating electrical current. The procedure starts with the 150 tons of waste produced daily in the processing of onions for supermarkets and other buyers. From each day’s waste is extracted 30,000 gallons of pungent onion juice, which is mixed with microorganisms provided by brewer Anheuser-Busch (“This bacterium’s for you”?). And, voilà! … biogas—burnable methane that ultimately yields enough electricity to run the plant’s extensive refrigeration and lighting. I’m oversimplifying all this, but you get the idea: A company will save major money by using solid waste that normally would be discarded or sold for fertilizer or cattle feed.

Gill, who says the company has received more than $3 million in government and utility incentives, estimates that its $9.5 million investment in the power-generation system will pay for itself in less than six years. And—this will make you greenies out there happy—as much as 30,000 tons of “carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions” are being eliminated each year. That cutback of CO2 won’t reverse global warming, but I promise you it won’t make it worse.

In this case, everyone seems to be winning: business, Southern California and the planet. What more could a child of Mother Nature hope for? A technologically innovative firm is creating substantial amounts of clean electricity while lightening the agricultural waste stream by thousands of tons a year.

But don’t pop the Dom Pérignon just yet. It’s one thing to operate a biomass system at a single location but quite another to deal with the daunting problems of science, infrastructure, expense and human habit that stand in the way of, say, a nationwide biogas system. An expert quoted in the L.A. Times article says broad-scale use of biogas faces big barriers in the near term: “There’s no silver bullet. The technology isn’t quite there.”

It’s important to note Steve Gill’s mention of government and power company incentives. Undoubtedly these were factors in his company’s decision to make the heavy upfront financial investment necessary to design, build and install the biomass system. Government on every level, as well as private industry, should be working overtime to find ways to stimulate efforts by individuals, companies and institutions to reduce America’s dependence on the dirty-burning coal and petroleum fuels that are choking us. Plenty has been written about the gargantuan amounts of poisons that are spewing into our air and polluting our soil and groundwater. Enough said. The clock is ticking.

The federal government apparently has started to wise up and is boosting funding for renewable energy. Clearly that is needed. According to a commentary on EnergyBulletin.net, “The main beneficiaries of more than $700 billion of federal energy incentives over the past five decades have been the oil and natural gas industries … with 46 percent of the roughly $725 billion in federal support going to the oil sector. Our new report shows that the oil industry has benefited from $335 billion in combined incentives. …[R]enewable energy has received six percent ($45 billion).” So, $335 billion for oil and only $45 billion for renewables over five decades. Surely that imbalance has been at least a tiny factor in America’s current energy, pollution and climate predicaments.

Federal funding will be key to progress in biomass and other renewables. A university-affiliated energy expert quoted in the July issue of Biomass Magazine says that “[p]olicy and legislation are crucial in moving forward” and points to the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and the landmark climate bill now pending in Congress.


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By Bliss Doubt, August 6, 2009 at 6:33 am Link to this comment

To Ardee, I refer to the dirty coal retrieved from mountaintop removal in Appalachia, and I’ve read that 5-7 percent figure in many articles recently.  Most of them cite EPA for those figures.  On Ilovemountains.org they say that all this devastating destruction is for less than 5 percent of our country’s energy needs.

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By ardee, August 5, 2009 at 6:29 pm Link to this comment

Bliss Doubt, August 5 at 9:47 am

I am curious as to your statistics, can you post a link to them?

Coal itself provides 57% of our energy to date.

http://www.powerscorecard.org/tech_detail.cfm?resource_id=2

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By Bliss Doubt, August 5, 2009 at 6:47 am Link to this comment

I read that mountaintop removal for dirty coal provides 5 to 7 percent of our nation’s energy needs per year.  If only the mining of garbage for energy could be advanced quickly enough to cover that, the coal companies would have no apologetic for their abominable practice!

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Ed Harges's avatar

By Ed Harges, August 4, 2009 at 1:29 pm Link to this comment

Wow, it’s nice to read some good news. Onion juice, of all things - and I thought it was just for breakfast!

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By rollzone, August 4, 2009 at 12:29 pm Link to this comment

hello. biomass is not garbage, it is recyclable composition. recycling is a green energy that could expand in today’s economy. nanotechnology applies embedded metals in paints so you can now actually paint solar receptors on your house. i agree that getting government out of the way and directing incentives to the user end of the energy spectrum could motivate investment that would put people back to work. redirecting even incrementally at first will eventually break the stranglehold of the fossil fuels industry. their biomass stinks.

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By Inherit The Wind, August 3, 2009 at 5:26 pm Link to this comment

Gives new meaning to “Electric Kool-Aid” doesn’t it?

Seems one of the easiest ways to reduce consumption is paint roofs white, except in extreme northern climes.

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By hippie4ever, August 3, 2009 at 3:50 pm Link to this comment

I received a sales pitch to “go green” by putting in a solar heating system. I tried to explain to the guy that my apartment was designed to catch solar heat so I didn’t need his expensive system. Rather than turn on the heat (and further degrade the environment) I open the curtains.

Why aren’t more houses built with passive solar? It seems like the best solution, to use less, because there’s always opportunity costs when you buy energy. Bio fuels are responsible for mass hunger in Latin America, where the price of corn has soared.

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By marcus medler, August 3, 2009 at 11:45 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Nice article, but the importance of these changes and initiatives is not energy from biomass, what do you think coal and oil/gas are made from. No! The important points made here are; 1. Incentives from the top; federal rules and subsidies moving away from established interest to a new interest 2. Decentralization, incentives to the user not the producer. It is the second change that is hard to institute and sustain since it hurts monopoly capital.

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By ardee, August 3, 2009 at 6:31 am Link to this comment

I applaud the small steps in forward thinking indicated by this article. I would urge michaellamb to footnote his criticisms in order to evaluate them.

I have noted in the past that, to replace our offshored industrial capacities we will lead the way in new technologies. This article shows that premise to have at least a bit of weight.

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By michaelannb, August 2, 2009 at 9:26 pm Link to this comment

Every one of these plants has to be evaluated individually—“biomass” per se means nothing.  Of the three biomass plants proposed for Western Massachusetts, two will burn wood from our forests and have been designated carbon-neutral because in 40 years, another tree will mature and take the place of the tree that is cut.  I thought we didn’t HAVE 40 years to get control of global warming.

The third plant, proposed for Springfield, will burn up to 75% “construction and demolition” wood, which can be saturated with arsenic, covered with lead paint and worse.  Palmer Renewable Energy admits the plant will add an additional 4 tons of lead to the atmosphere every year. 

As a trade-off for our health and our forests, the plants will meet quite a bit less than 1% of Massachusetts’ energy needs.

We don’t need these plants, they’re a big scam, and we’re fighting to keep them from being built.

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By rollzone, August 2, 2009 at 7:18 pm Link to this comment

hello. 3mil in government and utility incentives- very deceptive. this onion plant is much better off, than the farmers that are knee deep in biomass, if they are able to invest 9mil. it is so small a scale, although incrementally it will help- still this does not present itself as a huge doable commitment that will help more than 1 million people across our entire country. this presents itself as the beginning of the propaganda, to pass ‘cap and trade’, to tax every homeowner $100/month on their electric bill. as the article mentioned- it just needs to squeak through the Senate. can you smell it? this is a good place for line item veto. i do agree algae holds the most promise for capitalization of biomass, and breaking the hold of the oil and natural gas barons is good for the present, as well as the future. this is remarkable to see the onion factory taking initiative, even if their motives were fueled by the bottom line.

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By coloradokarl, August 2, 2009 at 7:03 pm Link to this comment

Colorado Springs burns a train load of Wyoming Coal every 3 days for electricity thus generating 220 Lbs. of mercury in our air every year (ever wonder why we have so many Christian zealots?) We have 170,000 acres of dead pine less than 30 miles away from several fires that just rots and blows over in the wind. The power plant could convert in days and you know why they do not? The coal companys and the rail road would lose CONTROL and until the the re-newable energy congressional bribes out pace the standard energy company bribes it is STATUS QUO !!!

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By coloradokarl, August 2, 2009 at 6:40 pm Link to this comment

Obama calls for tire guages and gets ridicule, We could install small computers to read out our MPG second by second and turn driving into a video game that saves us money for about $100.00, white roofs to reflect the suns radiation into space, Plant trees to suck CO2. It is endless, people! but why not? The corporations want our energy for them selves. By putting solar panels on ones house, recycling waste water and driving lets say a Plug in Hybrid, One removes the control from the Corporation and this can not be tolerated, not today. I am planning a green house and a 120 MPG vehichle, YOU??

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Fat Freddy's avatar

By Fat Freddy, August 2, 2009 at 6:40 pm Link to this comment

That’s great, really. But it has the same problem as using waste vegetable oil as feedstock for biodiesel production. That is, the amount that’s available is limited. Personally, I think micro algae shows the most promise.

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