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The Benefits of Slow Journalism

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Posted on Apr 5, 2007

By Ellen Goodman

BOSTON—This begins with the sound of one shoe dropping.

    A few weeks ago, a Supreme Court reporter noticed that Justice Ruth Ginsburg took an unusually long time getting on her feet after a hearing. Blogging away on “Legalities,” ABC’s Jan Crawford Greenburg breezily wrote that it “made me think I’d better start pulling those possible retirement files together.” 

    This hint about Ginsburg’s health moved across the blogosphere at, well, Internet speed. Days later, New York Times Supreme Court reporter Linda Greenhouse—tweaking her colleague—offered a “pedestrian” explanation for the justice’s slowness. Ginsburg couldn’t find one of the shoes she’d kicked off under the table.

    The difference between the two reports on the shoeless justice was not a matter of good or bad reporting. It was, rather, a matter of blog time and checking time. The observation was right, but the diagnosis was as far afield as an errant shoe.

    Within days, there was another missed diagnosis. The savvy, new political publication Politico posted a scoop before the John and Elizabeth Edwards news conference telling the world that the candidate was going to suspend his campaign. Circle false on the answer sheet.

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    In explaining “How Politico Got It Wrong,” reporter Ben Smith retraced his (racing) steps. He started making calls around 10 a.m., got a tip before 11, told his editor at 11:08, put the news out on the Web immediately and got a warning e-mail at 11:28. Less than an hour later, the Edwardses proved him wrong.

    The problem here too was less the messenger than the medium. The instant medium. As Smith wrote, “I’ve done much of my reporting on blogs and have developed an instinct to let my readers know whatever I know as soon as I know it.”  What that doesn’t always make time for is a second opinion.

    You don’t die from a journalistic mistake. The worst thing you can kill is a reputation. I might not have even noted these errors of speed-blogging (is that redundant?) if I hadn’t been reading Jerome Groopman’s disturbing and thoughtful book of essays on “How Doctors Think.”

    It turns out that most mistakes in medicine are not a matter of operating on the wrong leg or leaving a sponge in the stomach. “The majority of errors are due to flaws in physician thinking, not technical mistakes,” writes Groopman. As many as 15 percent of all diagnoses are wrong.

    These mistakes in thinking, says Groopman, are mostly due to cognitive shortcuts, what are called “heuristics.” In real life, for example, doctors are likely to judge the case before them by others that come readily to their minds. They are then likely to latch onto a diagnosis, anchor it, and cherry-pick the symptoms that confirm their belief rather than revisiting or expanding the list of possibilities.

    It turns out that too many doctors are like those diagnosticians in the White House who saw every aerial photo of a trailer in Iraq as a factory for weapons of mass destruction.

    But Groopman returns again and again to the root problem of the “shortcut.” It’s the “short.” The enemy of thinking is speed. “In order to think well, especially in hectic circumstances,” writes Groopman, “you need to slow things down to avoid making cognitive errors.”

    Just the opposite is happening in medicine, in business and in journalism, where every second brings a deadline. Everyday life seems to move at the speed of an emergency room or a combat zone. We even have speed dating and Internet matchups as if we could make falling in love more efficient. Many people don’t even have time to write complete words in text-messaging.

    A new batch of research by scientists studying the human brain suggests that multitasking may not be the time saver we think. All that e-mailing-while-cell-phoning-while-driving just increases the chance of making mistakes. 

    The collective pressure of technology and the marketplace has ratcheted up the expectation that we can think at the same pace we can press the send button. We are expected to make sense of information as fast as we can communicate it.

    “In the ecology of our lives,” says Groopman, “time is the vanishing element.” But it turns out that we can’t hurry our thought process any more than we can bake a chocolate souffle in a microwave.

    When the chief product of “productivity” is a bumper crop of mistakes and the primary “shortcut” has become a leap to conclusions, we finally have a strong reason to push back against the clock. It’s to slow down—our doctors and ourselves—long enough to notice the shoes under the table.

    Ellen Goodman’s e-mail address is ellengoodman(at symbol)globe.com.

    © 2007, Washington Post Writers Group


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By Hugh E. Scott, April 5, 2007 at 10:21 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

CORRECTION to my comment below.  The Globe article was dated 02/28/04.  It can be found in the Globe online archives under the author, Walter V. Robinson.

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By Robert Bennett, April 5, 2007 at 7:45 pm Link to this comment
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Ms. Goodman,

It saddens me that this remarkable bit of insight into our culture will go unheard and unheeded.

We seem to be driven by an almost pathological desire for quantity, at the expense of quality.  More is always best.  More for Less is even better.

The drug craze of our time is methamphetamines, commonly referred to as speed.  In the past, recreation drug use was about slowing down, spiritual insight, sensuality, or just plain ole having a good time.

Now it’s about speeding up and doing More.

Peace,
Bob
Lick Skillet, AL

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By Quy Tran, April 5, 2007 at 7:31 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Ruth Ginsburg’s sleepy all her life, mostly since she was “pushed” into the U.S. Supreme Court ! Don’t blame her, just blame on the pushers !

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By Hugh E. Scott, April 5, 2007 at 6:02 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Tell me timing isn’t important in the news business.

I’m a retired airline pilot turned investigative journalist. Three years ago while surfing the Internet for information about George W.’s missing (AWOL) National Guard service,  I found a falsified White House biography that claimed he had flown ANG jets almost SIX years when the actual time was 27 months. 

Why the subterfuge?  There was only one reason I could think of—to make Texas Governor Bush competitive with his 2000 primary GOP opponent, Arizona Senator John McCain, who—not coincidentally—spent five and a half years as a POW in North Vietnam during the same period.   

Of all places, Bush’s bogus bio had been inadvertently published in January 2001 on a State Department website for the whole world to see.  Everyone but the sleepwalking press, that is.

To validate my discovery, I called the Boston Globe.  Impressed, it ran the story the next morning, on 02/28/07, under the headline, “Bush Bio on Web Inflates Guard Service,” and gave me credit as the source. 

Unfortunately, the Globe published my scoop on a Saturday and it died that same day when no other U.S. newspaper or media outlet carried the story.  As the saying goes, timing is everything.

Hugh E. Scott, editor of www,King-George.biz—the only website with hardcopy proof of White House corruption (Bush’s bogus bio).

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By Steve Hammons, April 5, 2007 at 10:55 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Sometimes journalists get the facts wrong by accident, and sometimes they are manipulated to report false or misleading information.

Sometimes reporters have a somewhat adversarial relationship with subjects, and sometimes they are willing partners in disseminating information being fed to them ... information that may be truthful, false, or some mixture of both.

Consumers of news and other open-source information and intelligence should always be skeptical and double-check their sources. The results of not doing this can be very destructive.

As Goodman’s article indicates, time is an important element ... though waiting too long for truths to emerge can also create problems.

These factors are looked at in:

“Society of Professional Journalists’ Award to Judith Miller Helps Cover-Up?”

American Chronicle
October 27, 2005

http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=3287

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By GW=MCHammered, April 5, 2007 at 10:07 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

“As many as 15 percent of all diagnoses are wrong.”
This has got to be a typo or a BAD joke. More like 75% are wrong! Apparently, it’s even too much for doctors to read a medicinal insert before prescribing.


My family and friends have been misdiagnosed/misprescribed all our lives: From nonexistent nephritis, kidney stone as appendicitis, a ruptured biceps tendon that the tow truck driver could see but not the ER doc, my brother had nonexistent schizophrenia and leukemia; improper anesthesia caused woes, two uncles had lethal cancers that were missed, another friend was bipolar but misdiagnosed/misprescribed for decades then misprescribed again even after proper diagnosis, the list goes on and on.

I listened to one doctor lie about her diagnosis and treatment over speakerphone to a crisis counselor before he rushed us off to yet another ER due to anti-depressant induced psychosis!

Healthcare admits the accidental killing of over 100,000 Americans each year. My bet is the real number is triple that especially having known healthcare workers and hearing their stories. The family turmoil and financial loss medical mistakes cause is incalculable. It’s why I’ve been to a doctor only once in over 25 years and I didn’t go back for a follow up.

Any business that admits to ‘practicing’ deserves minimum wage until they’re done practicing. What a nightmare of a mess.

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By Stephen Smoliar, April 5, 2007 at 9:54 am Link to this comment
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It was a great comfort to read Ellen Goodman writing so perceptively on a topic that has occupied me for the last several years, which I like to call the state of the world that the Internet has made.  It was even more comforting to see her doing it from a pulpit that commands so much more authority than my own meager blogging efforts.  The one comment I would make is to address what I call the how-did-we-get-into-this-mess question, which Neustadt and May analyzed so well in their book, THINKING IN TIME, about decision-making in times of crisis.

Heuristic thinking is very much a product of the progress artificial intelligence (AI) made in moving from the research laboratory to the “real world.”  It is an interesting note of history that one of the first “successful” steps in that direction was in the area of medical diagnosis.  Now it is important to remember that the AI technology would not have emerged had the researchers not been able to recognize the heuristic element in medical diagnosis and see how that element could then be rendered in software, but the result was the formation of a culture that believed that heuristics were all that you needed.  One of the worst parts of that result was the extent to which it reflected back on the practices of the medical community itself.  There were, of course, plenty of researchers demonstrating that, in just about any discipline, expertise was not a simple matter of heuristics;  but they did not stem the growth of a cottage industry based on translating heuristics into software.

There was another factor that encouraged that growth, though, which was a long-standing preference in the business world for EFFICIENCY over EFFECTIVENESS.  The reason was simple:  You can always MEASURE efficiency.  Evaluating effectiveness requires much more human judgment and often entails considerable disagreement.  Software can do wonders for efficiency, but effectiveness will always be a matter of the mind sitting behind the computer terminal.  Nevertheless, the world of work has been gulped down and masticated to a pulp by the obsession with efficiency.  Health care is now an industry where doctors have to “process” their patients, rather than care for them.  Public education has a long history of obsession with efficiency that goes all the way back to the early days of Taylor-style efficiency experts with their stopwatches.  Now, thanks to the blogosphere, journalists are as much under the efficiency gun as is the kid who takes your order at McDonald’s.

I was once at a trade show at which I heard one of the “knowledge management” gurus talking about the need to “process more knowledge more efficiently.”  All I could think of was how little this guy knew about knowledge.  However, I would recast the proposition that “the enemy of thinking is speed.”  The point that this guru was missing was that you cannot have knowledge without REFLECTION.  RSS can now pour all sorts of sources (even credible and reliable ones) onto your screen at a prodigious rate;  but, if you do not reflect on what those sources are asserting, you are no wiser that you would have been had you never seen all that stuff.  So, the bottom line is that “the world the Internet has made” is a world in which doctors can no longer reflect on their patients’ conditions, teachers can no longer reflect on their students’ progress, and journalists can no longer reflect on what they read.  Good luck, world!

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By cybersaint2k, April 5, 2007 at 9:02 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Excellent article. But it should have been written sooner!

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