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May 21, 2013
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Souter’s Challenge to ScaliaPosted on Jun 3, 2010
It should become the philosophical shot heard ’round the country. In a remarkable speech that received far too little attention, former Supreme Court Justice David Souter took direct aim at the conservatives’ favorite theory of judging. Souter’s verdict: It “has only a tenuous connection to reality.” At issue is “originalism,” an approach to reading the Constitution whose seeming precision has given conservatives a polemical advantage over the liberals’ “Living Constitution” idea that appears to let judges say our founding document means whatever they want it to mean. Justice Antonin Scalia, the court’s leading orginalist, summarized his opponents’ attitude toward the Constitution with four words: “You know, it morphs.” Now, thanks to Souter’s commencement address at Harvard last week, Scalia’s critics have fighting words of their own. Souter, who did not mention Scalia by name, underscored “how egregiously it misses the point to think of judges in constitutional cases as just sitting there reading constitutional phrases fairly and looking at reported facts objectively to produce their judgments.” Advertisement This means that “hard cases are hard because the Constitution gives no simple rule of decision for the cases in which one of the values is truly at odds with another.” Souter attacked the fatal flaw of originalism—which he relabeled the “fair reading model”—by suggesting that it would have led the Supreme Court in 1954 not to its Brown v. Board of Education decision overturning legal segregation but to an affirmation of the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling upholding “separate but equal” public facilities. “For those whose exclusive norm of constitutional judging is merely fair reading of language applied to facts objectively viewed, Brown must either be flat-out wrong or a very mystifying decision,” Souter said. “The language of the Constitution’s guarantee of equal protection of the laws did not change between 1896 and 1954, and it would be very hard to say that the obvious facts on which Plessy was based had changed,” Souter argued. “Actually, the best clue to the difference between the cases is the dates they were decided, which I think lead to the explanation for their divergent results.” Yes, the Supreme Court changed because the nation’s understanding of race changed. Souter notes that “the members of the court in the Plessy case remembered the day when human slavery was the law in much of the land. To that generation, the formal equality of an identical railroad car meant enormous progress. But the generation in power in 1954 looked at enforced separation without the revolting background of slavery. ...” “Did the judges of 1954 cross some limit of legitimacy into lawmaking by stating a conclusion that you will not find written in the Constitution?” Souter asked rhetorically. “Was it activism to act based on the current meaning of facts that at a purely objective level were about the same as Plessy’s facts 60 years before?” Obviously, Souter doesn’t think so. But while conservative scholars such as Michael McConnell have constructed ingenious arguments to show how originalism could accommodate Brown, it’s hard to see judges guided by that doctrine reaching as boldly as the 1954 Warren court did. Contrast Souter’s view with Scalia’s mocking reference to those who “think the Constitution is some exhortation to give effect to the most fundamental values of the society as those values change from year to year.” Well, between 1896 and 1954, they did change. The core problem with originalism is that it overlooks what the historian Gordon Wood has observed about the Founders’ work: that it is exceedingly difficult to discern the “true meaning” of the Constitution since it is the product “not of closet philosophizing but of contentious political polemics.” As a result, “many of our most cherished principles of constitutionalism associated with the Founding were in fact created inadvertently.” Souter is right to say that “the Constitution embodies the desire of the American people, like most people, to have things both ways. We want order and security, and we also want liberty. And we want not only liberty but equality as well.” Because these desires clash, courts are “forced to choose between them, between one constitutional good thing and another one.” Souter’s view admits that this is what judges do. Originalists pretend they’re not choosing. Which approach is the more trustworthy? E.J. Dionne’s e-mail address is ejdionne(at)washpost.com. New and Improved CommentsIf you have trouble leaving a comment, review this help page. Still having problems? Let us know. If you find yourself moderated, take a moment to review our comment policy. |
By samosamo, June 6, 2010 at 3:52 pm Link to this comment
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By Old Man Turtle, June 5 at 6:23 pm
“”“Maybe the resolution to the conundrum “Shenonymous” poses
at the end of a comment below will be found in the now
generally accepted (by the professionals, at-least) biological fact
that there is simply no such thing in this world as a specifically
and uniquely “human” “problem.” So “hope” simply can’t be
factored-into anything actually present here except for certain
seductive imaginary conceits which are the favorite haunts of
those who like to think there is something preternaturally
“special” about people, singly and/or altogether.”“”
*****************
I have to say that there is, simply for the fact that almost
7,000,000,000 people can’t be healthy for the environment,
when the impact of each individual is concerned; and what the
emotions do to direct human actions. That will be cause and
effect in the demise of humans and a lot more life species
because greed has allowed a certain % age of people to
commandeer the rights of all or at least more than an equitable
share of all other things.
And I would say that the collective foot print, being corporations
using those abilities to massively collect and manipulate the
planet just makes the whole idea of any sustainable growth for
those particular entities impossible. But what will make it a
totally non unique problem is how nature, gaia or the ‘wrath of
god’ will simply take its part with no prejudicial bias about
saving goldman sachs, the u.s. military, the whole world, any of
it.
One of my random thoughts is that if 10% of the people are
Report thisconsider criminal or evil, then there are about 700,000,000 of
them walking in our midst, or hiding out in their offices
performing their wicked deeds on the rest of us which is rather
like a certain kind of cannibalism.
By T. A. Madison, June 6, 2010 at 10:55 am Link to this comment
Here are the last three paragraphs from Justice Souter’s Harvard speech:
So, it is tempting to dismiss the critical rhetoric of law making and activism as simply a rejection of at least some of the hopes we profess to share as the American people. But there is one thing more. I have to believe that something deeper is involved, and that behind most dreams of a simpler Constitution lies a basic human hunger for the certainty and control that the fair reading model seems to promise. And who has not felt that same hunger? Is there any one of us who has not lived through moments, if not years, of longing for a world without ambiguity, and for the stability of something unchangeable in human institutions? I don’t forget my own longings which heartily resisted the pronouncement of Justice Holmes, which I read as an undergraduate, that certainty generally is illusion and repose is not our destiny.
But I have come to understand that he was right, and by the same token I understand that I differ from the critics I’ve described not merely in seeing the patent wisdom of the Brown decision, or in espousing the rule excluding unlawfully seized evidence, or in understanding the scope of habeas corpus. Where I suspect we differ most fundamentally is in my belief that in an indeterminate world I cannot control it is possible to live fully in the trust that a way will be found leading through the uncertain future. And to me, the future of the Constitution as the Framers wrote it can be staked only upon that same trust. If we cannot share every intellectual assumption that formed the minds of those who framed the charter, we can still address the constitutional uncertainties the way they must have envisioned, by relying on reason that respects the words the Framers wrote, by facing facts, and by seeking to understand their meaning for the living.
That is how a judge lives in a state of trust, and I know of no other way to make good on the aspirations that tell us who we are, and who we mean to be, as the people of the United States.
Report thisBy Tesla, June 6, 2010 at 7:37 am Link to this comment
icebar, when did you escape from Sheppard Pratt?
Report thisBy Inherit The Wind, June 6, 2010 at 4:04 am Link to this comment
Icechar:
So long!
Report thisBy ThomasG, June 5, 2010 at 9:07 pm Link to this comment
We live in a land where the Peasant Populace is milked for Capital like cows and where Genteel Peasants are pretenders to Aristocratic and Middle Class status by borrowing Capital that has been milked from their own consumption and living in the Capital Assets of the Aristocracy and Middle Class for month to month interest payments that they recognize as ownership, rather than rent, while in reality all they are is caretakers for Capital Assets that provide a Revenue Stream to the Privatized Capitalist Overlords that control the whole dumb show. This is life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness with freedom and justice for all; the American Dream.
It is time for a change.
It is time for American Reality to replace the American Dream.
It is time for Social Capital and Socialized Capitalism, so that the populace, as a whole can share in the benefit of Capital and not be left with nothing more than the amorphous nonsense of the American Dream.
Report thisBy samosamo, June 5, 2010 at 7:36 pm Link to this comment
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““By icechar, June 5 at 10:08 pm #
Dang Samo your a queer(teabagging???YUK!!!)???
*****************
You’re so far ahead of yourself that you don’t even understand
Report thiswhat you read. My reference was to teabaggers being part of the
neocon gang, but actually from what I have read on the ‘tea
party’ is an insult to the beverage itself and I for the life of me I
haven’t heard one consistent thing from the tea party that would
make me think I would want to be a part of them. Kind of like
listening to a libertarian as rand paul calling the lobbyists crooks
bribing congress, federal employees and the scotus and then
double talking his ideology on discrimination. I don’t trust any
of them to walk my poor old dead grandmother across the
street. And if you are a neocon then keep it to yourself.
By ocjim, June 5, 2010 at 7:25 pm Link to this comment
Thomas is an angry black man whose objectivity is compromised by his antipathy for liberals, equal opportunity whites, and unyielding women. Scalia and Alito are pro-plutocrats. Roberts is an arrogant smirking ideologue who for some reason thinks he is superior to all others, especially the politicians who approved his appointment.
Report thisBy Shenonymous, June 5, 2010 at 5:11 pm Link to this comment
You said “true American Hawks, most of them are dead now.”
Report thisMost? Whose left? Uh, right? Who is left alive? Freedom?
They don’t have a corner on it. Most Americans I know, good old
union member Americans (yeah, I know most unions are now pretty
impotent, but they will be back), my uncles, were blue collars and
as hot American blooded as any Hawk. And all the academics I
know would scream bloody murder if their academic freedom was
so much as brushed. I would too! So it infuriates me that some
right-wing conservatives would claim freedom as theirs alone. But
how does one balance liberty and egalitarianism and freedom? It is
a three strand tightrope. And I’m not as young as you might
imagine. Just didn’t get with the program until mid life. So I’m
catching up. But I am eating everybody else’s dirt. But not for too
long as I’m a quick study.
By samosamo, June 5, 2010 at 4:44 pm Link to this comment
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It is just as curiously incidental that not more than 3 weeks ago
there was a cartoon somewhere that illustrated what was once a
republic of democracy, and I think the teabaggers or neocons
have reclaimed this country as a ‘constitutional republic’.
Maybe this was it:
http://www.sodahead.com/united-states/america-is-a-
constitutional-republic-not-a-democracy—-updated/blog-
333833/
And not to be too adamant about this whole thing, but I just
Report thiscannot help but think that what a lot of us understand is a one
party political system, it can rather well be referred to as the
American Communist party because no matter how many
liberals, moderates, lefties or what other name brand jargon you
use, those crooks that have taken over this country are
absolutely extremely anal retentive, heartless, criminal, evil,
down to the core greedy conservative crap. This especially is
true because just what in the hell has a supposed majority of
‘democrats’ ever done that has even hinted at ending and
reversing the disasters and crises in this country? And, besides a
couple of dozen, if that many, members of congress are helping
the people and not their own financial positions.
By Shenonymous, June 5, 2010 at 3:13 pm Link to this comment
You are wrong icechar – well not totally…while I agree the leftists
Report thisare eating themselves up, the right is starting to do it too trying
to jockey the absolute best candidate who can demagogue them-
selves into the White House or Congress. It is almost a free-for-all,
except it is lots and lots of free money. Hahahaha – pretty soon the
escapees Bedlam kept by Wall Street will have eaten themselves up
and what’s leftovers and rightovers will be served for lunch. Oh yeah,
the Hawks are the biggest vultures of all. They want the whole enchilada
and they lick the plate. No crumbs for The American Pop…u,,,la…tion.
By samosamo, June 5, 2010 at 3:07 pm Link to this comment
****************
icechair, well I have a right still, I hope, unless those 5 heathen
devil incubus haven’t taken that away from me, to express my
disgust in what I now called the CBPscotus, uh, cbp stand for
corporate bought and paid for scotus. And I probably foolishly
and naively think that if the left gain the ‘upper hand’ that those
decisions coming from the bench are more in favor of the
people instead of the nonentity of corporate america.
Your personal image is unique, does that imply you’re a commie
Report thisin alabama? If so keep you head down and watch your back,
cause I’m sure bama ain’t a safe haven for commies or socialists.
By Lance, June 5, 2010 at 2:26 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Luke,
Rather than legitimizing your diatribe by addressing it point by point, let me instead answer your rhetorical question:
“Am I now some kind of wild eyed anti-Semite…?”
Answer: Yes.
Report thisBy Old Man Turtle, June 5, 2010 at 2:23 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Maybe the resolution to the conundrum “Shenonymous” poses at the end of a comment below will be found in the now generally accepted (by the professionals, at-least) biological fact that there is simply no such thing in this world as a specifically and uniquely “human” “problem.” So “hope” simply can’t be factored-into anything actually present here except for certain seductive imaginary conceits which are the favorite haunts of those who like to think there is something preternaturally “special” about people, singly and/or altogether.
A species so full of itself that it has lost touch with the reality of its living situation, and has thus come to conclude it is somehow no longer subject to the necessary and ultimately inescapable limits of even its own given nature, is no less doomed to self-destruction than any particular one or several of its members would be who indulged in such fantastic beliefs and their accompanying pathological behaviors. So it probably isn’t sensible to expect, either, that even such institutional icons as supreme court justices would not exhibit the degenerative effects of such a societal and indeed civilizational pandemic. They are selected, after all, from the same souring genetic cesspool of self-serving ignoramuses and faith-based orthodoxies as also vomits forth mass murderers, Ponzi schemers, oil company executives, and “reality” TV “stars,” just to name a very few examples currently rampant on this field of remorse.
It is inevitable that those whose basic mode of being in the world is the systematic oppression and exploitation of every other kind they share it with will be reduced also to oppressing and exploiting, even more ruthlessly, each other. It is inevitable that legitimizing the motives and methods of oppression and exploitation will come to loom large in the philosophies of such people, and in the contrivances they invent to propagate and perpetuate the design. Kings and constitutions alike seem always to feature prominently in these arrangements.
Without a foundation in the imperatives of Nature, both human and Mother, debates about such abstractions as “liberty” and “equality” can be nothing but sophomoric exercises which are at-best only accidentally relevant to solving the now genuinely existential “problem” confronting a “modern” mankind whose aspirations have so far outrun their understanding. It’s maybe time now for a pause, to refresh the Tree of Life with the “blood, sweat, and tears” of whoever among us might survive this in-process disintegration of what the gods and their “founding father” surrogates, in their divine self-absorption, hath wrought here. Looks like “Our Ford” didn’t really have “a better idea,” either, after all.
Report thisBy samosamo, June 5, 2010 at 2:13 pm Link to this comment
****************
“Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Scalia, Thomas, and Alito
compose the Court’s conservative wing. Justices Stevens,
Ginsburg, and Breyer are generally thought of as the Court’s
liberal wing. Kennedy the swing vote or noted to vote liberal
occasionally.” (from wikipedia)
What is of concern are those people appointed and shuffled
through conformation who like the five federalists will always
have the 5-4 edge, for a good while anyway. So that, to me, has
to be a reason for selecting these thugs, when a dip sh*t like w
is in office, he can be told who to appoint, to further certain
agendas for certain groups, most clearly the latest debacle was
the ‘Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission’ giving the
corporations ‘rights’ to contribute to not just a person running
for office unlimited amounts of money’(truly makes our
government a bought and paid for one) but to contribute to
getting some cause passed in elections. Now we are faced with
another appointee, kagan, who seems to be on the doubtful side
of being a good scj.
So even if the leaning shifts to the other side, and that will be
quite a while as the latest versions appointed by conservatives
all seem young enough to hold their seats for a few more
decades, whose to say how a left leaning court will really be
because as with taxes, they don’t just end, once the court makes
a decision such as ‘Citizens United v. Federal Election
Commission’ it will be just as hard to overturn that as to
overturn a tax.
An awful sign for this country when the corporations tell the
judges what they want, politely called, ‘lobbying’, really bribery
of the judiciary of the u.s.
Kudos for Souter calling out traitor scalia for his abhorrent
Report thisideology.
By Shenonymous, June 5, 2010 at 2:10 pm Link to this comment
Anti-commie bastards also want to kill the first amendment.
Report thisSo every fanatic wants to kill the first amendment left and right.
Yeah, oh yeah. Commies and anti-Commies are not so
different. All from the looney bin. They just get different
meal tickets. Some like meat…and others like….meat. And
the American Population just sits back and watches the chomping
laughing their heads off. They know, they know, they know that the
left and the right will just eat each other up. They be cannibals.
hahahahahah like that.
By Shenonymous, June 5, 2010 at 9:08 am Link to this comment
“Liberalism—the principle of equality and liberty -?- is a
centrifugal force, tending to spin separate ?bodies in random,
incoherent directions.”
An interesting analogy. But it seems like this physics is not quite a
precise simile. Liberty and equality are disparate forces, and it would
seem irreconcilable. Sometimes centrifugal force is used to create
gravity, artificial as it would be. Gravity could be understood with
respect topolitics as referencing something heavy but an attracting
force. While politics may have some heavy features it would be
helpful if those heavies were made explicit. For I’m afraid they are as
elusive as the cause of the spinning force itself.
If we are to use it as an isomorphic metaphor, it would not be forcing
separate entities in a random, incoherent direction. No randomness or
incoherence at all in centrifugal force. It is forced order, forced
coherence.
The simile for Conservatism does seem applicable where the center is
the dogma, the unbending entrenchment of frozen ideas becomes the
lump of attraction.
It seems to me, though, that the raison d’etre for the existence of
conservatism is to undermine liberalism. Why be surprised or even
critical of it? It is the force I am looking at not the way it has become
insanely manifest in the eternal pettiness and boarishness of its actions
and representatives. They do seem impelled, to borrow from Sir Isaac
Newton. If conservatism could find a rational ground its counter-
balancing force could be instrumental to political mental health. But we
instinctively know from the current mentality that is an impossibility.
I can only hope theirs is a fictional force that can be newtonalized?
“under a corruption of ?conservatism by an astounding collection of
shallow-?thinking opportunists has become dysfunctional and ?
dangerously immoral.” So what do we normally do with dysfunctional
and potential danger? It is difficult first to recognize then treat mental
health problems. Apparently one cannot put specimens in a petrie dish
and diagnose what exactly is the problem. Apparently those people in
the direst need of help are the least likely to seek it on their own.
There has been lately an awful lot of discussion on a few TD forums
Report thisabout morality. Within these electronic halls there is no consensus and
civility has flown away with egotism biting at its heels with fatal
wounds at times. I have been killed a number of times. I am a
xombie. I’m afraid no solutions to any real problems can possibly be
found on this medium. I suspect it is the same on every single blog
site on the Internet. What hope, or evidence, is there that human
problems can ever be solved.
By Leefeller, June 5, 2010 at 8:22 am Link to this comment
Well, I am still pissed off that they let women vote, where does it say women should be equal to man in the Constitution, it goes against man principals in general and religious principals everywhere!
As a self proclaimed Constitutional Scholar who really knows my ass from a hole in the ground, my interpretation is the only right interpretation, I declare myself Interpreter supreme without the onions and no secretive sauce.
Let me tell you, if I was in charge as Interpreter supreme, things would be different, no more of this interpretation to suite interests crap, I feel interpretation should become like region, then everyone can have their own interpretation, instead of this surmising court crap.
Report thisBy Archir1954, June 5, 2010 at 8:12 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
FiftyGigs, your response to Danm is the best written explanation of how society works that I’ve ever read. I want to keep that for posterity. Thankyou.
Report thisBy FiftyGigs, June 5, 2010 at 8:01 am Link to this comment
Danm: “The ‘sins’ of America are the works of the
Democrat Party.”
According to Thomas Jefferson—who wrote the phrase
‘All men are created equal’ into the Declaration of
Independence—John Marshall was the worst thing to
come along. Marshall was a Federalist, but I guess
the interpretation of your comment depends upon which
sins one looks at.
On a different topic…
Souter: “We want order and security, and we also want
liberty.”
In my view, functioning societies need a balance of
both.
Liberalism—the principle of equality and liberty -
- is a centrifugal force, tending to spin separate
bodies in random, incoherent directions. Conservatism
—the principle of conformity around social
institutions—is a centripetal force, pulling the
independent bodies into orbit around a central,
ordering sun.
Too much of either isn’t good. Fly away, or burn up.
The two work best together and in balance, producing
what heretofore has been the greatest society in
history.
Now, we’ve got a problem.
The modern conservative propaganda movement, cast
under the guise of supporting “rugged individualism”,
is effectively undermining liberalism, although
liberalism is what accounts for the effective
population of the institutions that form society.
In doing so, conservatism is also neglecting its true
role in keeping the institutions in good working
order, allowing them to be corrupted by rogue
individuals (and corporations) who ostensibly promise
to make the insitutions “better” simply by garnering
them more and more authority and power—favorable
laws, more money, etc.
Everything is flip-flopped to the detriment of both.
If successful, conservatism will eventually give rise
to institutions which merely serve as castles for a
few institutionally rich and “powerful”, kings who
forever try to keep control of the huge masses for
whom those institutions are increasingly irrelevant,
meaningless and purposeless at best, adversarial at
worst.
The rich will reign in hell.
In my opinion, right now, the problem isn’t
liberalism. It isn’t about controlling the masses.
The problem is that our institutions—business,
religious, and governmental—under a corruption of
conservatism by an astounding collection of shallow-
thinking opportunists has become dysfunctional and
dangerously immoral.
Good people have fewer opportunities to ally with
moral institutions to effect contributory good on a
large scale. Too many religious, too many business,
too many government bodies are failing their missions
of improving society. They’re populated with
conservative practitioners, who would be
institutional kings instead of societal contributors.
Liberty and equality—liberalism—is a practical
Report thisnecessity. Those who speak against it, knowingly or
unwittingly, are bringing about the very ruin they
fear.
By Lance, June 5, 2010 at 3:34 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Luke asks “Am I now some kind of wild eyed anti-Semite for wanting to point out an obvious, growing danger here?”
Answer: Yes.
Report thisBy Maani, June 4, 2010 at 9:47 pm Link to this comment
She:
“And the end of the Pledge of Allegiance is, ‘with liberty and justice for all,’ and every school child K-12 knows that by heart because every single day they have to recite it, How often do you think they recite the Declaration of Independence? They might get it in an American History class maybe 12 times in their school life in the 12 years they attend.”
How true! How sad and true! Can you imagine how different things might be if they had to recite (or even just read!) the following passage as many times as they recite the POA?:
“That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.”
As a related aside, the Senate will, sooner than later (particularly in light of the Times Square incident and others), be voting on the Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Act (VRHTA), the single most pernicious and insidious bill since the Patriot Act. Passed overwhelmingly by the House in 2006, it was put on hold by the Senate due to the economic collapse. Based on the way the language of the VRHTA is written, it could make a public recitation of the above DOI paragraph a “treasonous” offense! (I kid you not; the text of the Act is available online.)
Re the POA, don’t forget the inclusion of that pesky “under God” clause. And no, I am not being facetious.
Peace.
Report thisBy Tim, June 4, 2010 at 7:59 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
By Luke, June 4 at 8:57 pm
“Am I now some kind of wild eyed anti-Semite for wanting to point out an obvious, growing danger here?”
Uhhh…yep. I especially enjoy your use of behaviorism to back your theory. Let me tell you about your “biological sciences.” All humans can be brought up to enjoy the casino-like devices and concepts that afford them some dominion over their environments.
Report thisBy Shenonymous, June 4, 2010 at 6:32 pm Link to this comment
And the end of the Pledge of Allegiance is, “with liberty and justice
for all,” and every school child K-12 knows that by heart because
every single day they have to recite it, How often do you think they
recite the Declaration of Independence? They might get it in an
American History class maybe 12 times in their school life in the
12 years they attend (I don’t really count Kindergarten or it would
be 13) So in reality, liberty trumps equality.
“Definitely not someone you want on the highest bench in the land, at
Report thisleast not if you believe in justice.” But, Archie1954, he is on that bench.
By Tom Mathers, June 4, 2010 at 6:22 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Lance, bud,
Report thisThe original intent of the Constitution was to limit the reach of government so that it interfered minimally with the activities of its citizens. Now when a state compels people to expend limited resources to duplicate facilities (regardless of their quality) then I would suggest that it is exceeding the limitations intended by the founders. Could be wrong but don’t think I am.
Now if you do not believe that the Constitution was intended to chain the government then you won’t accept my position. Thomas Jefferson wrote, “In questions of power…let no more be heard of confidence in man, but bind him down from mischief by the chains of the Constitution.” There really is no need to channel the founders; their words are alive and well in most of America’s libraries.
By Danm, June 4, 2010 at 6:01 pm Link to this comment
What a bunch of crap. The two “decisions” Souter names were total anti constitutional rulings made by racist Democrats that dominated the political machine for the majority of a century and a half. Give me a break. Anyone here ever read the declaration of independence. You know the very first few lines “all men created equal.” The very thing the modern Democrat party was formed to war against from at it’s very inception under Mass murderer Andy Jackson? The “sins” of America are the works of the Democrat Party. History revisionist progressives trying to hide the past to hide their intent for the future.
Report thisBy Luke, June 4, 2010 at 4:57 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
As a gentile who reads, my life has been somewhat schizophrenic. I feel the
instincts and the herd pressures of my own people, but my intellectual and
political life has largely been lived with Jewish writers and thinkers, to the
sounds of the Bernstein Mahler. For the benefit of this latter group let me share
an observation that comes from watching the reactions of that other side that
is still a part of me. In earlier decades I would have said that Jewish America
understood Gentile America much better than the other way around, but I no
longer think this to be the case. Jewish Americans are no longer on top of what
the gentiles think, because the gentiles have learned over the past half century
that there are certain things that one can never ever talk about.
When the appointment to the court of Ms Kagan produced no massive
consternation across the USA, this was a signal that the great herd of gentiles
no longer believes in the system. They are just waiting now for the change that
they know will come if they just graze on and wait for the signal that the herd
is turning again. Given the extent to which America patterns itself after Rome,
most Gentiles will not protest a military commander taking charge for a time to
restore discipline. That a third Jew could be appointed to a court that will then
have no Protestants at all - that this can happen with so little comment is
indeed an ominous sign. We know so little of Germany before the Nazis,
because we have never allowed even the suggestion that there were any events
any culpable actions that helped bring on those terrible events of the war
years. I recently to read that over 1200 of fewer than 1500 seats on the Berlin
Stock Exchange were in Jewish hands when the crash came in 1929. I was
more shocked that I had never heard this before than at the fact itself
Do you not think that at some point it should become fair game to suggest that
it is dangerous to wave about in public the exponentially rising share of
American money and power that is now in Jewish hands? Is it not playing into
the hands of a future holocaust to simply pretend that everything is OK when
so many Jewish names are so very visible across the face of a financial system
in big trouble? Am I now some kind of wild eyed anti-Semite for wanting to
point out an obvious, growing danger here?
In Braudel’s History of the Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the
Report thisAge of Philip, there is a chapter that describes how the Jews were repeatedly
driven from European cities after their economies, which the Jews had
controlled, went into recession. Guilt or innocence is not the issue. We are
taking about a phenomenon like any other in the biological sciences. A given
situation is likely to produce a predictable reaction with certain breeds of
mammals. An aggressive small child who comes to visit a home where there is
an old terrier is likely to be bitten if a small hand pokes at the dog’s face. The
issue is not the guilt or innocence of the primary players in this little drama. If
someone gets hurt the fault lies with those who have seen this kind of situation
before and did not put the dog out or pick the child up.
By Archie1954, June 4, 2010 at 4:25 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
The position of Supreme Court Justice normally deserves our utmost respect regaedless of our agreement with or disagreement with the judgements and reasoning of the justices in any given case. However I lost what little respect for Justice Scalia when I heard him opine that even if new evidence were to come to light that would prove a prisoner not guilty of a crime for which he will be executed, it need not be considered because the prisoner had a fair trial with the information that was known at the time. That opinion was the reasoning of a very sick and even sociopathic mind. Definitely not someone you want on the highest bench in the land, at least not if you believe in justice.
Report thisBy Mark, June 4, 2010 at 3:42 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Originalists have no problem with the decision announced in Marbury vs Madison, to wit: The SCOTUS has the authority to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional, even tho that right is not explicitly provided to it by the Constitution!
Indeed, the original activist judge, John Marshall declared it to be so based on INFERENCE from: (i) the Constitution generally; (ii)what the FF said at the time they worked on the Constitution; and (iii) what other courts (England)had already done in similar settings.
So according to Marshall it didn’t matter that the Constitution doesn’t expressly provide for it.
Those penumbral arguments sure can be pesky.
Report thisBy Hulk2008, June 4, 2010 at 2:54 pm Link to this comment
The biggest flaw in originalism is the belief by its followers that the founding fathers somehow possessed a superior basis for their thinking. Face this fact: the Constitution is NOT holy writ. Interpreting the Constituion in differing ways or (egad) disagreeing with it has been made the intellectual equivalent of apostacy - domestic heresy. It’s not the Bible or the Q’ueran or the Midrash Epic or some ancient sanskrit scroll. Ironic that those who espouse originalism so often also associate themselves with various fundamentalist religious sects and simplistic points of view.
By contrast, the genius of our Constituion was/is in the way its authors understood that no human document or device could long exist if it remained unchanged and, worse yet, unchangeable.
And so our history and future are welded into a continuous thread of pendulum swings from those who treat the document as-is or as-it-might-be.
Report thisBy Dan, June 4, 2010 at 2:47 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
What a bunch of crap. The two “decisions” Souter names were total anti constitutional rulings made by racist Democrats that dominated the political machine for a century and a half. Give me a break. Anyone here ever read the declaration of independence. You know the very first few lines “all men created equal.” The very thing the modern Democrat party was formed to war against from at it’s very inception under Mass murderer Andy Jackson? The “sins” of America are the works of the Democrat Party. History revisionist progressives trying to hide the next type of tyranny hearts of wicked men cannot but help to create.
Report thisBy T. A. Madison, June 4, 2010 at 2:27 pm Link to this comment
“Originalism,” is a mask. The underlying issue is that anti-Constitutional jurists have occupied the Supreme Court since the first Bush Administration.
The legal structures that insure democratic recourse and stability have been under attack since Scalia and Thomas came to the bench.
It is just difficult to stomach that so called “Republicans” since then would become the anti-Constitutional Party.
I am grateful for Justice Souter’s challenge to Scalia and his ilk. For all the discussion regarding the tension between legal structures that aim to insure “liberty and justice for all” it is nonetheless long overdue to note “self-evident truths” beginning with the fundamental certainty of “inalienable rights”.
The more we discuss democratic rule of law the better. The more we discuss the Constitution and the Bill of Rights the better. It is the only way we are likely to smoke the scoundrels out and set things right. We can know enemies of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights by noting that democratic rights are inclusive and unifying, not exclusive and dividing. We can remind ourselves that we seek not only liberty for ourselves, but also liberty and justice for all.
Report thisBy Inherit The Wind, June 4, 2010 at 1:38 pm Link to this comment
OM:
The history of Scalia’s decisions is one of consistently favoring corporations over individuals, and police agencies over established rights.
He’s just led ANOTHER attack with the 5-4 vote that an arrested person’s right to remain silent and be represented by an attorney, must be…REQUESTED by him. So..if he has to SPEAK to demand the right to remain silent!
Remember: this is the SAME Justice Scalia who stated it’s ok if the police “slap a suspect around”. How is assaulting a suspect to force and coerce a confession POSSIBLY Constitutional?
Then there’s the case where Scalia went to Cheney’s place to shoot birds just before deciding on whether Cheney was allowed to refuse to give up information to the Justice department—and refused to recuse himself.
I do not agree that Scalia is a bone head. He’s nothing of the sort. He’s far too intelligent—and evil. I do agree that he’s truly evil and dangerous to America. Ultimately, he alienated even William Rehnquist, who detested him and broke with Scalia on many issues, particularly the independence of the Federal Courts (which Rehnquist championed).
Report thisBy Lance, June 4, 2010 at 1:31 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Tom Mathers -
Interesting concept - that the USSC would not have reached their “separate but equal” ruling had they followed the FF’s original “intent.” And would that have been the same ruling as the 1954 ruling? Or something else?
And again…which FF’s intent? The southern slaveholders of the late 18th century? What do you suppose their “intent” was with respect to access to public facilities?
Or the Abolitionists of the north? What do you think their “intent” was?
Or are you talking about the “intent” expressed by the original wording of the Constitution which gave each slave 60% credit toward population count for purposes of representation in the Legislature?
If they’re not the same, how do you reconcile them? And if they are different, how do we choose which “intent” to follow? Be specific!
Or do you think these groups had equivalent “intentions” with respect to individual liberties in this country? If so, tell us…was the Civil war fought over a dispute about who should have been trimming the hedges between the North and South?
But maybe you’re talking about your own personal channeling of specific, individual FF’s intent? Please, then, say “Hi” to Ben Franklin and Elbridge Gerry for me, would you?
Thanks, bud.
Report thisBy Richard R Stumbo, June 4, 2010 at 1:29 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
How the right-wingers on the court can pretend to believe in states’
Report thisrights has baffled me ever since 2000 when they stepped into a
process that is clearly reserved to the states: elections within those
states. If they truly believed their own lies, Al Gore would have been
president for eight years. Talk about “morphs!”
By JaimeInTexas, June 4, 2010 at 1:00 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Good comments, Lance.
There is another term: textualist.
Simply put, the original intent is what the text says. If there is ambiguity, then its clarification must come, first, from other texts in the Constitution. If none is found then it is not, most likely, a Federal issue.
I just wonder where does Scalia (and others like him) find, in original intent, the notion that because an activity in the aggregate MAY affect interstate commerce, that such an activity can then be regulated (regulated, not prohibited) by the FedGov.
Report thisBy ron hansing, June 4, 2010 at 12:59 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Originalism is subjective, not necessarily absolute.
So, Souter, sets up a straw argument and shoots down the scarecrow by his example.
My thoughts are that the constitution has guaranteed INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, not collective Rights. Hence, one must be very careful diluting these rights by chipping away at them.
With this definition, To counteract Originalism, there must be very compelling reasons to shift away from the original intent.
Remember Once lost, forever lost. Be careful what you wish for.
Moving away from the constitution is losing guaranteed Individual Rights, which protects unpopular ideas and the tyranny of the majority. (What the majority wants today, may NOT be what future majorities want, depending on the fickle election cycle?
I might add, I have just finished reading Richard Evans three volume tomes on the third Reich.
Hitler didn’t just automatically created a new bundles of laws in 1933, but he magnified and reinterpretated, expanded established laws of the early Wiemar Republic… (When the social democrats (democratic Marxists) were by far the dominant power
Ron Hansing 6.4.10
Report thisBy JaimeInTexas, June 4, 2010 at 12:51 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
RE: CIC of the Ait Force
There is a reason why originally it was the Army Air Core.
The Constitution must be amended or the AF be reabsobred into the Army or navy, according to function. Airplanes are just tools like ships and tanks.
But, hey, who cares what the Constituion says anyway. Right? And that is the point that folks like Souter miss.
There are only 2 ways to modify the Consitution: amendment or Constitutional Convention.
And, the Consitution IS the law of the land ... not prior cases.
BTW, the interstate highway system, to be built, at least, had to have a consitutional figleaf: it was for National Defense - National Interstate and Defense Highways Act.
Report thisBy Tom Mathers, June 4, 2010 at 10:00 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Plessy was wrong. That’s why it had to be overturned. Had the Judges judged on the basis of originalism they would not have come to the conclusion they did. No wonder this dope Souter stayed quiet all those years, he’s an idiot.
Report thisBy Leefeller, June 4, 2010 at 9:13 am Link to this comment
Originalisnism? “originalism” Originality seems quite a stretch, the ultimate bastardization of language and semantics, another supporting argument enhancing credibility for the existence of the Tower of Babel. Using the word original with conservative seems the pinnacle of jokes, how can conservative thoughtlessness be considered original? Well, is this not like saying this oxymoron of clarity; “I never have met an objective conservative, I liked or didn’t like”!
Now I will return to my never ending quest tweaking orginalism from the Bible, maybe Christians could develop their own Surmising Court and make my quest not so grueling?
I am and we the people are so lucky, Obama is a Constitutional Scholar!
Report thisBy Archie1954, June 4, 2010 at 8:13 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
It depends on whether you want a living document guaranteeing your rule by law or an ancient, dead one doing the same thing. It seems that with the originalism theory you might find you would need many more amendments than with the living document. After all the world is very much different today then it was in the 1790s.
Report thisBy jmlambion, June 4, 2010 at 8:05 am Link to this comment
Article II of the Constitution states, “The President shall be Commander in Chief of
Report thisthe Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States,
when called into the actual Service of the United States;...”. So who does Justice
Scalia think is the Commander in Chief of the Air Force? If he can find the Air
Force in Article II, why can’t he find the right to privacy in the Fourth Amendment,
“The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and
effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated,...” More
often than not, “originalism” is just another way to say, cherry picker.
By Nataloff, June 4, 2010 at 7:50 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
The Originalists cherry-pick the Constitution with the same perverse agenda that the Fundamentalists cherry-pick the Bible. It’s disheartening when the Right-wing bloc has to resort to the old law school trick, “When the facts are against you, argue the law, when the law is against you, argue the facts, and when both are against you, pound the table.” Only in this case the table they pound is America.
Report thisBy felicity, June 4, 2010 at 7:48 am Link to this comment
This kind of puts to bed any notion that so-called legal scholars are to be believed, in fact even believe themselves.
Legal scholars will argue that the meaning of a provision in the Constitution is indeterminate and then go on to argue what it determines.
Report thisBy Lance, June 4, 2010 at 7:10 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Shenonymous:
Good post…perhaps even excellent, since the standard is somewhat lower for “boneheaded douche bags” even if they refrain from “name calling.” I won’t presume to classify you.
A clarification. The implication I was making with my comment “Even then, thankfully, reasonable men could agree to disagree” was not that there is a difference between people then and now, as you seem to have inferred. No. Reasonable and unreasonable people probably come in the same proportion now as they did then, although the unreasonable ones generally have microphones now and had torches then.
Rather, my point was that many reasonable men convened in 1787 for several months, discussed matters upon which they had significant differences, and ultimately produced a document that most felt they could still sign. However many of those issues were not truly resolved, slavery chief among them (they took a “pass” on that one). Delegates also had widely divergent opinions on the proper powers to be granted to the central government. Those differences gave almost immediately to the American political party system as Federalists and Republicans tore at each others’ flanks for the next 20 or so years. There were differences as well on the powers and composition of the Executive. Some argued for election by the people, some by the state legislatures, some argued for appointment by the National Legislature. Some wanted a life term. Some seven years, some four. Some wanted a monarchy, as I already stated. Some felt the Executive should have the power of the veto, some did not. And on and on…
My point being this: justices start with the text of the Constitution when considering a constitutional issue. Of course we’re all fine with that. To that some justices, to one degree or another, will factor in precedence, settled law, and changing social conditions. There is the rub, of course. But the originalists also want to add to the stew an assessment of what the FF’s “original intent” was. And my question for them is this: How on earth can that be determined, and indeed should that even be attempted, when there is overwhelming evidence that they shared a collective point of view…“intent…” on so few fundamental issues?
In fact, once could argue that the only “intent” with which they all went to Philadelphia, or at least were charged with by the state legislatures which sent them, was to shore up the Articles of Confederation, which were failing on many fronts.
And even if we are to concede that it is possible to discern original intent, who should we empower to do so? What is the difference between that person and a priest, really? And another question - can the originalists point to any evidence that it was the FF’s “intent” that people 200 years later should be inferring their “intent” in the first place?
Finally, as regards the “missing” Bill of Rights and individual civil liberties in the new country, we should remember that most of the prominent FF’s were devoted students of the great proponents of “The Enlightenment.” At the core of the philosophy of The Enlightenment is the idea that there are Natural Laws which are presumed to exist and require no government to establish. Try convincing Salia and the other radical conservative “originalists” that Natural Law should take precedence in any case, even though the acknowledgment of Natural Law was clearly a shared theme in many of the FF’s personal philosophies. Could it not have been their “intent” for Natural Law to be embodied in the organization of our government and expressed in its actions?
Cheers…
Report thisBy skmacksk, June 4, 2010 at 7:03 am Link to this comment
Justice Souter’s address is worth your time and attention, here is a link:
Report thishttp://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2010/05/text-of-justice-david-souters-speech/
By Shenonymous, June 4, 2010 at 5:52 am Link to this comment
With lots of wind available to spend, I am absolutely sure I will
learn something about the Constitution as well as the Supreme
Court. I have some familiarity with the Constitution having at
least read it (more than a few times), and the Supreme Court has
always been somewhat of a cabal of judicial mysticism and without
a doubt there will be a barrel of laughs as I read the article, have
my copy of the Constitution at my right hand, and all the comments
by all the Constitution and SCOTUS experts that visit Truthdig. I
should say right off, that I too have only a tenuous connection to
reality. And I would bet the farm so does everyone else. Well maybe
there are a sprinkling of those who have a decent grasp, and maybe
one or two who have an excellent hold on it, definitely yards better
than mine. I am hoping I will morph in this area from a deep degree of
ignorance to a less degree of ignorance and hope it will make my life
better.
The first “fact” I’ve learned already this morning is that parts of the
Constitution express values that are in conflict with each other. Who
would have thought? So we are compelled, ‘we’ meaning the
triumvirate me, myself, and I, to keep an open mind. And yes, it does
seem that subsequent law attempts to reconcile that dissonance.
Stated in the article, “The core problem with originalism is that it
overlooks… about the Founders’ work: that it is exceedingly difficult to
discern the “true meaning” of the Constitution since it is the product
“not of closet philosophizing but of contentious political polemics.”
As a result, “many of our most cherished principles of constitutionalism
associated with the Founding were in fact created inadvertently.”
What ought to be discussed here if the article has and traction, is
whether a view of the Constitution by Supreme Court judges ought to
take it as a “Living” instrument, or attempt to use it based on
“Originalism” reference when deciding cases at that level of the
judiciary. EJ Dionne seems to think Souter is right about the nature of
the Constitution, that it embodies a bifurcating intention, the two
inherently at odds concepts of liberty and equality. How to reconcile the
two is the Occam’s Razor the Supreme Court justices are also
compelled to walk.
Taking all comments seriously…
From my also ‘unscholarly’ reading, Lance - giving a succinct but
penetrating intelligent history of the Constitution reflects that it was a
time when “reasonable men could agree to disagree.” Certainly times
have changed! Implication: Now it is the case that unreasonable men
disagree and disagree and vehemently disagree and those lacking any
substance are reduced to name-calling. Thank goodness some, if
almost imperceptible, progress has been made! He asks the seminal
question, Is “original intent” seasonal? His account is also correct of
Jefferson’s abhorrence at the power of the mob by powers granted to a
central government be codified within The guiding governmental
document. So it might have been liberty for TJ but it was definitely not
equality.
What does it really mean that the FFs (Founding Fathers) took
something as GIVEN? It is hardly silly to have written into a document
what guarantees privacy and it is not equal to the right to breathe. We
are born with the right to breathe but not with the right to privacy,
especially as we come bare assed into this world to begin with. The
sum of the parts of the Bill of Rights do not by implication add up to
important provisions left out. rudyspeaks1’s observation has
validity.
The mythical 70% majority populace has no concerns, they are hardly
conscious. It is specious personal opinioned speculation.
Name calling seems to be the typical fare of the bonehead douche-
Report thisbags that keep company with those they call bonehead douche-bags.
Is it impossible to rise about such immaturity?
By Tobysgirl, June 3, 2010 at 3:06 pm Link to this comment
Lance, I often avoid reading lengthy comments (though I sometimes make them), but yours was excellent. As was your reply to OzarkMichael. Please post more comments on this site.
I think Scalia and Thomas should really go back to original intent. In 1787 Thomas would have been a slave and Scalia would have been scratching in the soil of what would become Italy to feed himself. Or are they both descended from royalty?
Report thisBy mrfreeze, June 3, 2010 at 2:11 pm Link to this comment
I’m afraid I’m not an attorney, legal expert or “student” of the Constitution so my opinion will lack any “scholarly” depth. But guess what, this is the beauty of the Constitution: it is a roadmap that has helped create an incredibly unique country.
I’m educated enough to understand it’s genesis and have witnessed it “change” since the 1950’s. Which is why, in my “un-scholarly” way, I’d just like to say that Scalia is a bone-headed douche-bag. He’s the kind of guy whose condescending persona probably got him beat up on the playground a lot as a kid. A first class jerk this Scalia!
Report thisBy felicity, June 3, 2010 at 1:28 pm Link to this comment
Inherit - I have read that the right to privacy is not spelled out in the Constitution because at the time of its writing the word ‘privacy’ had to do with toilet functions and apparently the Framers didn’t think we needed spelled out in the Constitution that we had a right to go to the bathroom. Think privy.
Other than that, when is Souter going to ‘attack’ the recent Court ruling which gives corporations the right to control the outcomes of our elections.
Report thisBy Hazel Motes, June 3, 2010 at 12:34 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
I’m just gratified that an intellect like Souter’s came to the same conclusion I did when I heard Scalia talk about “originalism” in one of his tv interviews: it’s crap. I would only add it seems to be of a piece with Biblical Fundamentalism.
Report thisBy faith, June 3, 2010 at 12:24 pm Link to this comment
Ordinarily, I would have a different type comment to add. But, here, I just want to
Report thisexpress kudos to “Lance” for such a well articulated analysis and comment.
Excellent. Thank you.
By Lance, June 3, 2010 at 12:13 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
OzarkMichael:
“Too funny, you guys crack me up.”
Well, on this page, at least, you only get cracked up. Out on the streets you might some day get LOCKED up because you’re not carrying a national ID card, or because you dare to protest in a “protest free zone,” for instance. And when you do Scalia will do nothing to stop it, and will probably justify your curtailment of civil liberties on the basis that unfettered rights of the government to suppress individual liberties was part of the Framers’ “original intent.”
I wish I could say you crack me up, but you don’t. You make me wonder whether your vision for America differs significantly from any totalitarian state, including a state run by fundamentalist extremists.
That doesn’t crack me up. No, not so much.
Report thisBy OzarkMichael, June 3, 2010 at 11:29 am Link to this comment
The original article was interesting. However, each blogger pushes the rhetoric and mutual admiration more and more until we get to Martha/Thomas, who makes the most extravagant but also inevitable criticism: Scalia is a fascist.
Too funny, you guys crack me up.
Report thisBy MarthaA, June 3, 2010 at 10:30 am Link to this comment
As far as the 70% majority populace is concerned, I agree with ITW’s statement in reference to Conservative Right-Wing EXTREMIST Judge Scalia, “Scalia is a bad judge. A very, very bad judge.” Why? Because he has no justice except for Republican Right-Wing corporate capitalists and he can make corporate Right-Wing and Republican-lite law say whatever he wants it to say to protect the corporate power of fascism.
Report thisBy Inherit The Wind, June 3, 2010 at 10:22 am Link to this comment
Actually, Rudyspeak,
The founding fathers didn’t include a right to privacy because it would be a silly as including a right to breathe. They took it as a GIVEN. AFter all, the right to privacy is really the right to be left alone by the government.
Here’s a favorite thought exercise. Assume we have no right to privacy, to be left alone. Now go through the Bill of Right, one by one, and work out the implications of what that means if you do NOT have a right to privacy. Rights become limited and arbitrary. But, when privacy is GIVEN, all of the rights enumerated become a logical cohesive whole.
THIS is what Blackmun was talking about in Roe.
And it’s why Scalia is such a shitty justice.
Report thisBy Lesley Palmer, June 3, 2010 at 10:12 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Lance,
“Let’s call “original intent” for what it is – an transparent attempt by radical, activist, conservative jurists to justify and advance their personal political views by selectively choosing and discarding principles from among a constellation of competing opinions held by our Founding Fathers. In other words – it’s a sham, a fraud.”
You are now my very favorite writer on the web. Thanks.
Report thisBy rudyspeaks1, June 3, 2010 at 8:47 am Link to this comment
“Originalism” is ahistoric tripe. Alexander Hamilton, arguing against the Bill of
Report thisRights (in the Federalist Papers), worried that a list of rights might convince future
generations that these are the ONLY rights guaranteed, instead of interpreting the
Constitution to mean (as he clearly intended) that the most expansive
interpretation of rights prevail. Hence, Roe v. Wade is decided on the right to
“privacy”, a right that was not recognized in the late 18th century. And the
authoritarian right-wingers scream that it’s not in the Constitution, just as
Hamilton was afraid they would, because they want a static, unchanging society,
which, clearly, the writers of the “original constitution”, the boldest political
innovators on the planet at the time, did NOT want.
By Lance, June 3, 2010 at 6:06 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
If we presume that “Originalists” such as Scalia have read Madison’s notes to the Constitutional Convention multiple times, one must wonder how someone with such poor reading comprehension can pass the law boards, much less attain a seat on the Supreme Court.
Madison’s notes reveal over and over again that there was nothing resembling unanimity of opinion or intent among the Founding Fathers on any significant matter of what our government should be and how it should operate. In fact these men, many of them brilliant students of history, philosophy and government, had quite divergent views on those very subjects. Even then, thankfully, reasonable men could agree to disagree. In fact the summer of 1787 was a long series of wrangling arguments settled (some barely so, and some not at all) by concession, compromise and conciliation. Perhaps more important than the actual words they ultimately put to paper was the spirit of malleability and practice of adaptation which the Founding Fathers bequeathed to us. It is the true template for the American democratic experience which would follow.
Remember…Rhode Island did not participate at all in the convention; they stayed home in protest. Several delegates left the convention while in progress in protest to the decisions which were being made. Alexander Hamilton, abandoned by his fellow NY delegates, was arguably a monarchist! A few delegates who helped craft the final document even ultimately refused to sign the finished product of the Convention.
It is hubris in the extreme for one to observe these protests, rooted in significant political and philosophical differences, well documented by Madison and others, and yet presume that one has a special ability to see the collective intent of the Founding Fathers.
Shall we ignore the fact that a majority of the Founding Fathers clearly regarded women as chattel – unworthy of the vote, unworthy of holding property, unworthy of even inheritance of their own husband’s property? Shall we ignore the fact that the Founding Fathers codified the institution of slavery? Shall we again allow indenture of adolescents because the Founding Fathers condoned the practice? Shall we cease providing public education to our children? Why did the Founding Fathers choose to exclude a Bill of Rights? Some argue that that is so because they simply ran out of time. Many of these people were landowners and needed to return in September to attend to their harvests. Is “original intent” seasonal?
Consider as well the case of Jefferson, the first of our presidents to argue vehemently for a small, relatively weak central government. He, certainly a Founding Father, was appalled by the power ceded to the central government by the Constitution. However even he was willing to set aside his personal principles as well as the precise wording of the Constitution when geopolitical and economic events dictated a course of action contrary to both. Residents of 12 of our states ought to be glad he did, too, because if he had not they might now be French citizens. And they ought to be glad the Founding Fathers didn’t include in the Constitution a codification of our medical practices - after all these are people who routinely submitted to having their veins opened to treat a common cold.
Devotion to and unthinking faith in scripture belongs in the realm of religion, not government. Blind adherence to the dictates of a faceless ruler is a hallmark of monarchies and dictatorships, but has no place in democracies.
Let’s call “original intent” for what it is – an transparent attempt by radical, activist, conservative jurists to justify and advance their personal political views by selectively choosing and discarding principles from among a constellation of competing opinions held by our Founding Fathers. In other words – it’s a sham, a fraud.
And so is Scalia.
Report thisBy Inherit The Wind, June 3, 2010 at 4:17 am Link to this comment
Mr. Dooley said:
“th’ supreme coort follows th’ iliction returns.”
There’s more wisdom in this observation by Finley Peter Dunne than we’d like to admit.
I think EJ and Souter miss the point that Plessy was a decision based, not on the law, but on the fact that the public would BARELY accept “separate, but equal” facilities and would have started armed insurrection if the proper ruling had been what Brown did 60 years later.
But what is also missed is the process of amending the Constitution adds to the “penumbra” of the document’s meaning, by enacting in it our CURRENT view of it. It’s a “morph” as Scalia calls it, but…tough shit! An amendment enacted in the last 50 years is just as valid as the BOR, and, as a part of the Constitution, gives guidance as to its interpretation.
Consider: The amendment giving 18 year olds the vote, or the the one giving DC residents 3 electoral votes. The Founding Fathers would have considered these absurd. Yet they change drastically our perception of who SHOULD be allowed to vote for our government.
Or consider the most recent amendment, written by James Madison and lost in the shuffle for 200 years! It speaks from both his time and ours, looking to allow the voters to judge their leaders’ level of self-aggrandizement.
And EJ makes the point (badly) that the Constitution lays out principles, but does not get down to the granular level of individual cases: That is what Law and judicial precedent fill out.
Scalia is a bad judge. A very, very bad judge.
Report this