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Liberty and Health Care for All

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Posted on Mar 29, 2012
Flickr / Mark Fischer (CC-BY-SA)

By Bill Boyarsky

In a bare basement law school classroom last week, four students argued the merits and weaknesses of the health care act. It was an exercise no doubt replicated around the country as legal scholars warmed up for the U.S. Supreme Court’s three-day hearing on the law this week—the most searching examination of federal power in decades.

Several miles away at a community health clinic, restaurant workers, gardeners, housekeepers, car washers, nannies, day laborers and others of the low paid who keep Los Angeles running were being given medical care, as were their families. The long-term future of their care awaited the Supreme Court’s decision.

The USC Gould School of Law’s moot court and the Venice Family Clinic offered me enlightening looks at the legal, medical and humanitarian issues involved in this case. The moot court was a useful briefing on what would be discussed by the Supreme Court. The clinic demonstrated the impact of the health care case on the ground.

Barbara Siegel, whom I had met when she was a lawyer representing the poor, had invited me to attend her law school’s moot court on the constitutionality of the law. Three lawyers, including Carlos Moreno, a retired justice of the California Supreme Court, heard the arguments of students representing the federal government and the state of Florida, one of the plaintiffs before the Supreme Court.

They went through the arguments that were heard in the high court the following week: Can Congress mandate the purchase of health insurance? If so, what about broccoli or burial insurance? If we strike down the individual mandate, will we strike down the entire law? One of the judges asked whether Congress should be forbidden from coming up with new ways of solving the problem of health care for the uninsured. “Are you arguing Congress can’t do anything new?”

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Solicitor General Donald Verrilli, representing the federal government, dealt with this point as he argued for the Affordable Care Act’s expansion of Medicaid, which serves the poor, as well as the individual mandate. (By requiring everyone to buy health insurance, it would create a pool of policyholders big enough to support policies for low- and middle-income people, even those with prior medical conditions). “There is an important connection, a profound connection, between that problem and liberty. And I do think it’s important that we not lose sight of that,” Verrilli told the court.

Affected, he said, “will be millions of people with chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease, and as a result of the health care that they will get, they will be unshackled from the disabilities that those diseases put on them and have the opportunity to enjoy the blessings of liberty. And the same thing will be true for a husband whose wife is diagnosed with breast cancer and who won’t face the prospect of being forced into bankruptcy to try to get care for his wife and face having to raise his children alone. … ”

Congress, he said, “struggled with the issue of how to deal with this problem of 40 million people without health care for many years and it made a judgment, and its judgment is one that is, I think, in conformity with lots of experts’ thoughts. … ”

One such expert is Elizabeth Benson Forer, chief executive officer of the Venice Family Clinic, located in a part of West Los Angeles best known for its beach, a destination for swimmers and surfers of all income brackets, tattooists, other artists, dog walkers and an oceanfront walk full of characters and medical marijuana shops. Crazy, mindless L.A., a visitor might say.

Not quite. The carefree reputation of Los Angeles’ Westside masks many poor neighborhoods. From these neighborhoods come the more than 25,000 men, women, children, teens and seniors treated at the clinic by primary care physicians, specialists, mental health experts and dentists. Some of the elderly are treated at home. Most are poor, either working or unemployed. Most have no health insurance. A total of 61 percent are Latino, 23 percent Caucasian, 11 percent African-American and 3 percent Asian.

I know the clinic pretty well. I’ve toured it and interviewed some of the staffers. One of my daughters, a nurse, was a volunteer there. On Monday, as the Supreme Court opened the health care act hearings, I talked to Forer on the telephone and asked her what was at stake in the deliberations.

For community clinics like Venice, she said, “there are a number of things at stake. A number of people we see with no insurance will have insurance. People who are not eligible for Medi-Cal [as Medicaid is known in California] will get Medi-Cal. Our hopes are that between 30 to 50 percent of our clients will be eligible for Medi-Cal.

“It’s about time we are working toward where everyone has health care and coverage,” she said. “I hope the court finds this law needs to be continued.”

A visit to her clinic and to others like it would convince anyone of the need for the law. So should the eloquent words of Verrilli in defending the act before the court in his closing remarks Wednesday. The pundits gave him bad reviews and are predicting the Supreme Court, in a 5-4 decision, will declare the individual mandate and other parts of the law unconstitutional. For the sake of the patients, like those at the Venice Family Clinic, present and future, I hope the pundits are wrong.


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By - bill, April 2, 2012 at 12:08 am Link to this comment

Several points, Lafayette:

1.  Neither the UK nor France has anything resembling Obamacare’s mandate to purchase insurance from private insurers.

2.  Germany does, but presumably its government is not Constitutionally limited as ours is in this area.

3.  Our Constitution specifically limits what the federal government can do, reserving all other permissible legislation for the individual states (which is why Massachusetts could mandate this but the federal government may arguably not be able to).

4.  One thing the federal government CAN do is collect taxes and use them (among other things) to “provide for… the general Welfare of the United States”.  Thus existing Medicare and Medicare for All are Constitutionally legal even while an individual mandate (at the federal level) to purchase private insurance may not be.

5.  Your selection of fire protection as an example is interesting.  A while ago local firefighters in a Southern town stood by while someone’s house burned to the ground (incinerating their pets) - because that homeowner had not paid them to protect it.  The town had no community fire department:  it was run privately, and they were on the scene in order to protect the neighbor’s house if necessary, since the neighbor HAD paid them to.  The federal government has never felt that it needed to provide this service (though possibly it Constitutionally could), and in this case the local authorities obviously didn’t feel that they had to either.  It is clearly not considered anything like a ‘birthright’ (nor, obviously, has health care ever been so considered, much as some people might LIKE it to be).

6.  The federal government also has never been in the police business at the local level (in part because most law is local and peculiar to individual states or even communities).  So this is clearly not considered a ‘birthright’ either, at least at the federal level.

7.  For that matter even national defense isn’t really a ‘birthright’:  it’s just something for which the federal government IS explicitly responsible.

8.  The reason why people shouldn’t consider ANYTHING their ‘birthright’ is simple:  all such ‘rights’ are social contracts, nothing more, nothing less.  If a nation decides something is a ‘right’, then, by George, it is.  If not, it’s not (and people who aren’t happy with that situation at least usually have the freedom to try to change it or seek another country more to their liking to reside in).

9.  The bottom line is that I’m with the conservatives on this one:  I believe that universally mandating such purchases from private insurers simply isn’t Constitutional (as it requires stretching the already severely-stretched Commerce Clause completely beyond recognition).  For the Court to ALLOW the mandate to stand would (IMO, obviously) be not only legislating from the bench but amending the Constitution therefrom.

Just make my own position clear, I firmly believe that in a nation as wealthy as ours is good health-care SHOULD be guaranteed for all and that we SHOULD extend Medicare to cover everyone as a minimal step in achieving this within Constitutional bounds - but that’s just my opinion, and I’m not so self-centered as to consider it any kind of absolute truth.  Rather, I work at convincing others that it makes practical sense so that it may, hopefully sooner rather than later, become the law of the land.

(By the way, I also have no respect for the Court as currently constituted and wholly agree that they have violated their oaths frequently:  I just see this particular issue as being one of those “a stopped clock is still right twice a day” cases.)

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By Lafayette, April 1, 2012 at 11:03 pm Link to this comment

THE SUPREME COURT’S REMIT

By requiring everyone to buy health insurance, it would create a pool of policyholders big enough to support policies for low- and middle-income people, even those with prior medical conditions.

And I’ll bet that BB heard no arguments (amicus juris) from a European country – say Britain or France or Germany – where the individual mandate was never seen to violate any of its Constitutional conventions – despite the fact that Britain does not have a constitution.

The constitution was a document written almost solely for two purposes. To create a Congress (thus imparting upon that representative legislature certain powers distinct from those of the new states and ex-colonies) and assuring that a separation of powers between the Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches should permit that no Monarch ever rule over America. (Which is an idea imported from France, first proposed by a certain Montesquieu).

The argumentation that I might cite would state clearly that the government is indeed, with the consent of the Legislature, able to apply the Collective Mandate in order to assure certain services to the public (meaning uniform access to those services) that would otherwise not happen.

That universality in Health Care was tantamount to a birthright, as would be Defense or Policing or Firefighting or other Emergency Services. And that these Public Services were not like selling broccoli. (What a stupid metaphor!)

How is it that the US is going through the present Supreme Court machination? Because the Supreme Court – all unelected and nominated to their posts – is legislating from the bench. This matter should never have even reached that high court.

Do we sell Emergency Firefighting services like broccoli? Or is National Defense of our houses and homes bought like broccoli from the local retail distributor?

And why should Public Services as important as Health Care and Primary/Secondary/Tertiary Education not be considered tantamount (also) to “birthrights”? That is, services that each citizen has the right to expect of its local, state and national governments.

This matter should never have been accepted for Supreme Court review. By doing so, it is clearly legislating from the bench, which is clearly not its prerogative.

With a Supercilious Supreme Court interfering in the matter of what legislatures decide that which is best and not good for the American public, the five conservatives of this Supreme Court have stepped beyond the court’s remit time and time again. Enough is enough.

Off with their heads!

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By ardee, April 1, 2012 at 3:31 pm Link to this comment

By Michael, March 30 at 9:34 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

I think the court will rule in favor of Obamacare, to do otherwise is to open the door to single payer.

I think your naivete is showing. If I were a betting man I would bet every cent I had that the mandate will be struck down 5-4. That these Supremes would fear single payer is simply silliness.

They know, perhaps better than most, that we live in a fascist state, our governance is ruled by CEO’s and CFO’s, our politicians are wholly owned corporate stooges, living from campaign check to campaign check and our two party system is a sham and a fraud.

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By oregoncharles, April 1, 2012 at 10:28 am Link to this comment

“you are required to purchase flood insurance”.  False.  LENDERS require you to have it; the law does not.

The rest is just as false; car insurance is a fake equivalent, standard DNC propaganda like the article itself, because driving is optional, legally a “privilege”; living isn’t, and neither is getting sick.

The article is propaganda because it uses the (valuable, heart-tugging) clinic to defend the Mandate, even though there’s no connection.  Knocking down the Medicaid extension, which would be legally questionable, would hurt the clinic; but it’s irrelevant to the real question, the constitutionality of the Mandate.  The clinic’s clients are too poor to afford medical insurance, so they’d be paying the penalty instead - and be even poorer.

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By balkas, March 31, 2012 at 7:06 am Link to this comment

but it is not only healthcare for all but also peace, nutrition, clean air/water, equal
justice, governing for all.

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By omop, March 31, 2012 at 6:46 am Link to this comment

The nub of the hub is will the US Supreme Justices’s decision be a “judicial
one” or a “political one”?

  My guess given its make up it will be a toss up. Que sera sera.

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By vector56, March 31, 2012 at 5:06 am Link to this comment

“I think the court will rule in favor of Obamacare, to do otherwise is to open the door to single payer. “

I agree with Michael’s statement above; in a way this who thing is a kind of Kabuki theater misleading us into fighting for ObamaCare (a Insurance Company bail-out thinly disguised as Health Care reform).

The individual Mandate like the “Pay Roll Tax Holiday” were both dreamed up in the basement of the Heritage Foundation. Naomi Klein pointed out this tactic in her book “the shock doctrine” of slipping in unpopular ideas in times of crisis. Aside from the oblivious self inflicted economic crisis there is also the “shock” to about 40% of White America that a Black man was actually elected president. Ironically, this “Trojan horse” (Obama) seems to be working to push through all of the old Heritage Foundation ideas while his Republican counter parts “pretend” to resist.

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By Laurence Tribe, March 30, 2012 at 8:52 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

I find it interesting, no fascinating, that most of those commenting are in favor of government taking care of them, like children, cradle to grave emulating the socialist EC. The European Community is being kept functioning by inflating their failing economies with billions of euros, some of which the Fed contributed. But of course the Fed is doing the same thing here with Quantitatice Easing, QE 1 QE 2, and continuing to inflate, reducing the value of every buck in your pocket and driving the cost of living up for everyone but esp. hard on fixed income folks. Most of the nat’l debt is owed to the Fed.

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By LT, March 30, 2012 at 4:52 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

I’m sure the 1% can get with their tools in congress and executive branch
and the media (including the likes of you) and mandate we purchase
whatever the hell they want us to at this point. From any corp for THE REST
OF OUR LIVES.
Dumb——-

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By GIMinter, March 30, 2012 at 11:41 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Here’s a New Approach.  RE: Health Insurance “Mandate”: 

If you chose the risk to drive, due to a driving hazard, you are required to purchase drivers insurance.  If you choose the risk to live in a flood area, due to a flood hazard, you are required to purchase flood insurance.  So if you choose the risk to live in an area that has a health hazard, then you should be required to purchase health insurance.

The Federal Clean Air Act (CAA) has determined a health hazard associated with air pollution.  Anyone living in an area that exceeds federal air pollution standards should be required to purchase health insurance.

The Federal Clean Water Act (CWA) has determined a health hazard associated with water pollution.  Anyone living in an area that exceeds federal water pollution standards should be required to purchase health insurance.

The Federal Resource Recovery and Conservation Act (RCRA) has determined a health hazard associated with land and resource pollution.  Anyone living in an area that exceeds federal RCRA standards should be required to purchase health insurance.

The CAA would cover about 85% of the population on ozone and particulate matter.  The CWA would cover an additional 5-10% on contaminated waterways and aquifers.  RCRA would cover an additional 5-10% on contaminated industrial lands and energy and material resources recovery.

Federal law has established a health hazard for about 100% of the US population. All covered persons should be required to purchase health insurance.

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By Michael, March 30, 2012 at 10:34 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

I think the court will rule in favor of Obamacare, to do otherwise is to open the door to single payer.

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By Timbob, March 30, 2012 at 10:14 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

I don’t see much difference between the Individual Mandate for health care and Social Security for Retirement. Most every working person in this country is forced to pay for Social Security through a Tax.
The big difference here is the Insurance Industry wanting to defend their profits and the Supreme Court seems to be in Lock step with them.

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By kazy, March 30, 2012 at 8:52 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Surfboy: “That’s the game being played at the (castrated)Supreme Court of the United States of America.”  Castrated? I think not. The problem is they need to be castrated. Their balls are way too big and it interferes with their ability to understand that the measurement of a civilization is how we treat and help the most vulnerable. Their eagerness to reject all of this much needed reform shows a mindset that has embraced power over compassion. That sees only 2 classes: the wealthy and the destitute, a kind of warlord mentality headed by the dim witted Antonin Scalia.

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By - bill, March 30, 2012 at 8:44 am Link to this comment

And I hope the pundits are right, Bill.

The flaw in your reasoning is that Obamacare is not the ONLY solution to the problems you cite.  Obamacare is not a GOOD solution either (it enshrines bloated private insurers in our national infrastructure, fails to control costs much at all, and even by 2019 is projected to leave well over 20 million of us STILL uncovered by insurance - not to mention NEVER covering many real necessities like dental, long-term, and some psychiatric care).  In fact, given the way it allows costs to continue to escalate it can be reasonably argued that Obamacare is no solution at all, because even within its 10-year CBO projections its cost will rise sufficiently for its coverage and/or subsidies to be drastically curtailed.

Let’s hope it dies an early death so that we can get back to working on REAL reform.

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By bmeisen, March 30, 2012 at 8:05 am Link to this comment

Public liability is the white elephant in the discussion. If the risk is yours and yours alone then insurance is an option. If by refusing to insure against a risk you transfer the liability to the public then the state is behooved to force you to buy insurance.

The textbook example of an industry escaping this cost of doing business is nuclear power.

With regard to public health the public liability presented by America’s uninsured is not isolated in individual states or regions. It is national and therefore the Congress is legislating within its constitutional mandate when it compells the purchase of health insurance. For countries in which a public liability in this context is acknowledged then health insurance must ultimately be a public national project and residents must be compelled to participante. It won’t deliver optimal impact on the treasury and on the quality of care without the mandate.

As Scalia has explored, Americans could decide that it’s not a problem for the uninsured to suffer. The US has, perhaps from Scalia’s perspective, the misfortune of being heavily influenced by western, Judeo-Christian traditions in which the individual belongs to a community which constitutes itself politically and makes the pretense of claiming responsibility for members of the community and extending to them various rights.

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By jimmmmmy, March 30, 2012 at 7:23 am Link to this comment

A government can enact a service such as health care , as long as its not for profit. Once you add profit to the cost its coercion. Single payer is the only democratic way to impliment universal health care.

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IMax's avatar

By IMax, March 30, 2012 at 6:18 am Link to this comment

Many here feel that Medicare for all may be the solution.  I would disagree.  While it’s rarely discussed (most are simply unaware), Medicare part B faces unfunded liabilities in the neighborhood of $36.4 trillion, or approximately $311,000 per household according to 2009 Medicare Trustees Report.

The underlying mission of Medicare is terrific.  I support what Medicare attempts to address, however, the machinations is obviously, deeply, flawed and must be addressed.  Expanding Medicare for all, in it’s current form, is no solution at all.

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By omop, March 30, 2012 at 5:35 am Link to this comment

Questions for Mr. Boyarsky:

  Who mandated that every driver carry car insurance?

  who mandated that every physician can practice only after meeting
certain requirements?

  who mandated that one can only vote after reaching a certain age?

  who mandates that a citizen must pay taxes?

  who mandates that a citizen must kill or be killed in defending his/her
country?

  who mandated that a “corporation” is a person or persons?

  who in the end is responsible for protecting society/its citizens from a
potential “plague” or a tsunami?

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By adc14, March 30, 2012 at 5:23 am Link to this comment

File this under not getting it right the first time. If Obama hadn’t been so keen to run from Medicare For All, we wouldn’t be here today. Then he had the hubris to say it’s the mandate or nothing. He royally deserves to lose this case and the presidency for selling-out his base, lying, and moving so far to the right, I frankly don’t see much difference between him and the Ken Doll. I will vote down ticket this time. The presidency I will leave to God.

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By balkas, March 30, 2012 at 4:20 am Link to this comment

nannies, car/window washers, housekeepers, laborers are waiting for the system
to once again come down on their heads.
no, do not wait for justices to decide people’s fate or justice for the EIGHTY
PERCENT—it has already been decided by THE SYSTEM.
overwhelming number of justices are not billionaires or even millionaires; thus,
they’ll never be allowed to decide anything that’s of even some import let alone
providing healthcare for all americans, cessation of warfare, privatization of public
resources/armed forces, weapons manufacture, militarization of airspace, etc.

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By Marian Griffth, March 30, 2012 at 12:54 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

@gerard
I am not quite sure how a civil war, of sorts, can be avoided anymore. The USA is facing a watershed moment every bit as divisive as the one that sparked the civil war (it is even argued that it is the same division though I am not sure I agree with that).

At its heart this is a philosophical division between those who see a country as collection of people sharing each other’s burdens, and those who see it as a collection of individuals. It is between the idea that people have a right to ask for aid and an obligation to support, and those who ultimately view government as an evil and that the only authority rests with the individual.

Every society has this conflicting views on what it means to be a society and to an extent this is good as it prevents extremes. However, in the USA, over the past 4 decades this division has become more and more pronounced and taken on the characteristics of a faith. It no longer is seen as something that can be compromised on but has become increasingly absolutist (I have to admit that much of the later is from the individualist camp as it was seeking to undo decades of a more social interpretation of what society means).

Unless the country returns to extremists to a position of shouting from the edges instead of viewing them as the sensible and mainstream opinion, the trend can only continue in the direction it has been going: increasing division in the country and decreasing willingness to talk to one another. At some point (and it could be argued that this point already has been reached) we are no longer talking about a single society and culture, but of two distinct polities sharing the same geographical boundaries. Such a situation will lead to either suppression of one group by the other, to a more or less amical split or to a civil war.

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By gerard, March 29, 2012 at 8:21 pm Link to this comment

I’m not a very sophisticated and thoroughly knowledgeable person, but I’m pretty sound on the important basic principles regarding empathetic response to differences, on practical negotiating of problems, and on an overall understanding of the possibilities of human nature, given half a chance at forging the essentials of patience, empathy, and fairness in human relationships.
  Every day becomes sadder as I learn more and more about how far short our government is falling in caring for its own people and for others from vastly different nations and cultures. I’m appalled at government decisions that are routinely based on ignorance, mendacity or shortsightedness, time after time after time. 
  I know I am far from alone in my disappointment. While I am eager to do something to improve any number of situations crying out for help, I feel helpless, and discouraged by the weight of overwhelming surveillance, suspicion and blind power that militates against citizen freedom to create solutions and to act.
  I am torn and worried about ultimate outcomes of so many difficult problems accumulating without any apparent awareness from government.  It seems not to know that it is destroying itself at the same time it is destroying ux. The ultitmate outcome of so many distresses not being met, especially where obvious improvements would be relatively easy to achieve, is becoming exponentially harmful. Yet proper legislative, judicial and administrative action based on attention to the urgent needs of the most deprived. is easily within possibility, given a foundation of rational, humane priorities. 
  I still keep thinking that improvement must and will come from a government more sensitive and attentive to the needs of its majorities.  I still keep hoping that some message of healing and some enthusiasm for making a more peaceful and just world possible will arise from the collective heart and mind of The American People, both in and out of government—some cooperative action to relieve an overwhelming amount of ignorance and pain will surely emerge. I pray that emergence will be brought about through peaceful means. I would hate to see us become another Serbia.

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