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Bachelet: Si y No

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Posted on Jan 16, 2006

By Marc Cooper

The election of Socialist pediatrician Michelle Bachelet as president on Sunday is good news for the people of Chile. Especially given the alternatives. By a 53-46% margin, Bachelet defeated the conservative candidate, Sebastian Pinera, who mostly is credited with bringing easy credit-card access to Chile.

Bachelet becomes Chile’s first woman president and one of the very few female heads of state in Latin American history. Her election as a woman—and also a self-proclaimed agnostic and single mother of three children from two different fathers—signals, without doubt, a potentially exhilarating cultural breakthrough for what is an oddly and unusually conservative country. Not until last year was even limited divorce legalized in Chile. Abortion is still outlawed. The Catholic Church operates one of the country’s most watched television networks, and the social boundaries of Chilean life sometimes feel as pinched as its string-like geographical shape.

Seventeen years of the not only politically repressive but also socially austere Pinochet dictatorship set back Chile’s cultural development for untold decades.  In short, Bachelet’s election could help untether one very tightly wound Chilean society.

Bachelet’s potential to enact more than symbolic change, however, is something that must be viewed with a certain amount of skepticism. Her Socialist Party is, in fact, a cautious middle-of-the-road formation that has a lot more in common with American Democrats than with Cuban Communists. In alliance with the center-right Christian Democrats, Socialist President Ricardo Lagos has governed for the last six years with what might be called an excessive caution.

While his administration has increased spending on health and education programs, it has refused to fundamentally alter or reform the “savage capitalist” economic system imposed by the Pinochet dictatorship. Compared with neighboring Latin American nations, Chile has, indeed, shown steady economic growth and stability. But at a high social cost that is often overlooked by its free-market boosters. Chile remains one of the most unequal economies in the world, producing fabulous wealth for a few and just above subsistence for many. There’s a sizable Chilean middle class, but it lives in a state of perpetual economic fear and constraint.

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Nor have Bachelet’s allies shown much enthusiasm for cleaning up Chile’s horrific human rights legacy for once and for all. The Lagos government exerted pressure on the courts to not fully pursue Pinochet (who nevertheless is closer to trial than ever before). Bachelet, on the other hand, was herself a victim of torture under the Pinochet regime. And her father, an air force general who had been a Cabinet minister in the government of Salvador Allende, died in custody after his own bouts with Pinochet’s butchers (as a young translator to Allende at the time, I met Gen. Bachelet several times and greatly admired him).

Bachelet should be more aggressive in allowing prosecution of the remaining planners and perpetrators of torture and murder.

Perhaps more important, she should show the courage to enact significant economic reforms that start to level out the uphill playing field for most Chileans. The privatized and broken pension system cries out for more attention. As do underfunded schools and a rather hair-raising public health system. The Chilean minimum wage needs a hyper-boost. The 8% unemployment rate must be lowered by a public works program. And the dictatorship’s draconian labor code, never fully reformed since Pinochet’s departure from power, must be scrapped and redrawn to allow freer union organizing.

Chileans are a deeply disillusioned lot. Their interest in politics has plummeted over the years. First came Pinochet, who made politics illegal and dangerous. And then came 15 years of civilian rule that promised much but delivered less.

If Bachelet doesn’t take bold steps to inspire and re-engage Chileans in political life, the novelty of her gender will very soon wear thin.

Marc Cooper is a contributing editor to The Nation and a senior fellow at USC’s Annenberg Institute for Justice and Journalism and was a translator for then-Chilean President Salvador Allende.

  • Official website of Michelle Bachelet
  • BBC News: Celebrating Bachelet Looks Ahead
  • Bloomberg: Chile’s Bachelet Vows to Keep Economy ‘Vibrant’
  • Ms. Magazine: Woman Maintains Lead in Chilean Presidential Election
  •  


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    By Corey, January 20, 2006 at 8:16 pm #
    (Unregistered commenter)

    I lived in Santiago for a few months about a year ago, and what I remember sensing was that social and policital society there was changing in leaps and bounds.  To illustrate how the social boundaries that Marc talks about are being “unpinched,” I remember a Chilean friend of mine described to me how when reknowned photographer Spencer Tunick organized a nude photo shoot near the presidential palace a couple of years ago, hoping to get a few hundred participants, 400 people showed up to protest, and over 4,500 showed up to participate (including her).  This was, for her and others, a realization of how strong Chile’s desire is for a more liberated, progressive society.  It was a strange juxtaposition for me, because while most of my other Chilean friends held similar views, I was living with a well-to-do family in the wealthy Providencia neighborhood, and my Chilean parents were supporters of Pinochet.  The mother, particularly, deemed anyone and anything that was slighly progressive “communista.”


    I wonder if this article is translated into Spanish anywhere (sadly my own translation skills are quite lacking).  I’d like to send it to a few Chilean friends to see what they think ...

    Report this

    By John, January 18, 2006 at 11:43 am #
    (Unregistered commenter)

    ... “signals, without doubt, a potentially exhilarating cultural breakthrough for what is an oddly and unusually conservative country”.  Well, couldn’t the same have been said after the election of Salvador Allende?  I think it should be allowed that the Chilean nation seems quite prepared to experiment, more than most, with its election of a President - a fact which wasn’t lost at all on the (unelected) Generals.  And one which also caught out Pinochet at the end of his imposed presidency.

    Report this

    By Benjamin Melançon, January 18, 2006 at 10:17 am #
    (Unregistered commenter)

    Thank you, Brad, for the perspective somewhat lacking in Marc’s short piece.  Bachelet has a very immediate test of “what side is she on”—will she recall Chilean troops from service to U.S., Canadian, and French elites in Haiti, or at the very least relieve the former Pinochet associate General Aldunate Herman of his new burden of leadership of the UN military force in Haiti?

    Report this

    By Brad, January 17, 2006 at 12:20 pm #
    (Unregistered commenter)

    I must say that being an expat from the US here in Chile, I could not have chosen any other place in the world that I would rather have been this sunday when she was elected. Being here and seeing the remnants of the Pinochet regime and how they have played out in this election was very interesting. 

    I must debate some of the implications in this article.  They simply are not accurate.  Stating the “novelty of her gender” is only painting US views onto this huge cultural shift. I do not believe that she was elected for novelty at all.  In fact, she received more votes from men than from women. 

    As I was on the streets recording video after she was named President a woman walked by and screamed, “Film the liberty!”  That is the feeling on the street here.  Liberty.  Now a President that is willing to address the problems that are actually going on without bowing to the church or to big business. Obviously. She has already broken all the norms just by being who she is.

    I certainly feel that looking at where Chile was 15 years ago compared to where it is today, and looking at the US and where it was 15 years ago and where it is today… Chile is progressing in leaps and bounds.  It is thrilling to see a country that is basically completely religious, over 70% is Catholic alone, reject what the church says and to go with what is is best for the country. I wish that the citizens of the US had that sensibility.  Perhaps it comes from the years of struggle.

    Maybe the US would only elect a woman President out of novelty, but it certainly may not be the case for the rest of the world.

    Report this

    By norman, January 17, 2006 at 9:46 am #
    (Unregistered commenter)

    Just when I’m losing hope for the world a story from, of all places, Chile, bringing news of change.  An educated, intellegent woman taking the reins of leadership. Made my day!!!

    Report this

    By Justin Delacour, January 16, 2006 at 7:26 pm #
    (Unregistered commenter)

    Marc,

    I know we don’t get along well, but I was wondering if you would give me permission to post this little piece about Bachelet on my blog.  I would, of course, provide the Truthdig link.  I thought this was a good piece.

    Report this

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