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Not a Scratch on That Glass Ceiling

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Posted on Nov 19, 2008

By Marie Cocco

    It is time to stop kidding ourselves. This wasn’t a breakthrough year for American women in politics. It was a brutal one.

    The glass ceiling remains firmly in place—not cracked, as Hillary Clinton insisted as she tried to claim rhetorical victory after her defeat in the Democratic nominating contest. It wasn’t even scratched with the candidacy of Sarah Palin as the Republican vice presidential nominee—unless you consider becoming an object of national ridicule to be a symbol of advancement. As divergent as these two women are ideologically and temperamentally, as different as are their resumes, they both banged their heads—hard—against the ceiling. Both were bruised. So was the goal of advancing women in political leadership.

    Even if President-elect Barack Obama chooses Clinton as secretary of state, no ground will be broken. Clinton would be the third woman to hold the post. And there is no longer anything extraordinary in a president naming women to his Cabinet. Franklin D. Roosevelt did it first, when he appointed Frances Perkins as labor secretary in 1933. Since then, every president but Harry Truman and John F. Kennedy has named women to the Cabinet or to Cabinet-level posts, according to the Center for American Women and Politics at Rutgers University. Bill Clinton holds the record: He appointed 16 women overall, and at one point about half of those serving in Clinton’s Cabinet were female.

    But, we are invariably told, surely there are enough women moving through the “pipeline” of lower offices so that someday, some woman from somewhere will win the presidency or the vice presidency. Well, here is how things stand: Eight women will serve as governors in 2009, the same as this year. The proportion of women serving in statewide elective office actually has dropped since it reached a high of about 28 percent in 2000; it is now about 24 percent, according to the center.

    The Senate will add one woman next year, bringing the number of female senators to 17. Ten newly elected House members are female. This means that as the class of 2008 enters the Capitol’s marble halls, it will include less than half the number of women who first won office in 1992—the so-called “year of the woman.”

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    Including incumbents and newcomers, a record number of women will be serving in Congress, but still only 17 percent of its members will be female. This is where that record places us: on a par with the legislative representation women have achieved in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean. The United Nations, which tracks women’s global political advancement, says that at this rate, it will take women in the developing world 40 years to reach parity with men.

    How long will it take us? We already are well into the fourth decade since the contemporary women’s movement of the 1970s spawned a generation that sought to claim an equal place in the halls of power.

    Those who watched the media’s sexist hazing of both Clinton and Palin often rationalize this treatment as the result of these two candidates’ particular personalities and the legitimacy—or presumed illegitimacy—of their campaigns. But Barbara Lee, whose Boston-based family foundation has conducted extensive research of gubernatorial races involving women, routinely identifies the same undercurrents in state campaigns. Voters demand more experience of a woman candidate, and judge her competence separately from whether she is sufficiently “likable.” Male candidates typically must clear only the competence bar to be judged—as Obama indelicately put it during a primary debate—“likable enough.”

    “We heard that over and over again—that no woman is ever right,” Lee says of her focus groups. “They like the concept of it but when it comes to a real, live, breathing candidate, they don’t.”

    Lee summarizes the disparate assessment this way: “There are no female Arnold Schwarzeneggers.” That is, no woman will ever burst into politics, capture the voters’ imagination and be catapulted into high public office without a lick of experience. 

    Yet American women are a majority of the population and a majority of the electorate. They earn more than half the bachelor’s and master’s degrees, a level of educational achievement far exceeding that of women in developing countries. There must be some reason we don’t do any better than women in impoverished, rural regions of the world where cultural norms oppress women.

    Maybe it is because our culture isn’t so different after all.
   
    Marie Cocco’s e-mail address is mariecocco(at)washpost.com.
   
    © 2008, Washington Post Writers Group


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By FENWICK, November 24, 2008 at 3:46 pm #

I don’t believe in AWAT, any woman, any time, but I do have a sense that it’s going to a woman in the highest office to slapped the wrists, coax the faint of heart and cajole the hardheaded opponents out of their easy-believism that all we need is the right man in front of a cheering group of military, backed by waving flags, and he is going to rise to the occasion to lead us out of this morass.  That kind of intestinal fortitude and skill requires a woman.
Even if it were AWAT, how can anyone defend the leadership that has driven this courtry right into the ground.  Why, hell, I could do that.

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By AmiBlue, November 23, 2008 at 7:23 pm #

@wendyw—I couldn’t agree with you more.  Of all the Clinton era cabinet and advisors that Obama has selected, Hillary is the one who makes me wonder what I voted for.  Obama’ foreign policy was one of the main reasons I voted for him rather than Hillary.  Hopefully, her campaign rhetoric doesn’t represent her policy positions, but that isn’t the Hope I voted for either.

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By chuckie2u, November 23, 2008 at 3:41 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

What glass ceiling is stopping any women from creating her own business, growing it, offering stock,expanding via franchises or other means unto the utmost parts of the earth? Nothing except the desire or ability to follow through with the process to the ultimate conclusion.
There is an inate difference in why women do not aspire to be CEO’s,Battle FIELD Commanders and other HIGH Profile Pressure Positions. It is one thing rolling over to POLITICAL CORRECTNESS and GIVING anyone a position they have not earned and allowing the cream to come to the top.
Based on this premise the DEMOCRATS who are the leading proponents of GIVING people positions they have not earned should certainly put up or shut up.
By their own admission the PARTY should have ELECTED HRC as their standard bearer and to sweeten the pot ensure 50% of all their elected officals at all levels are filled by FEMALES.

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By wendyw, November 23, 2008 at 3:33 am #
(Unregistered commenter)

I feel like like some of Marie Cocco’s thoughts are a little out of context.
Women make up half of the electoral base, but in what proportion are they running for national office?  I would be interested to know what the success ratio is among female contenders at the national level; it would seem that that is an essential element to Ms. Cocco’s argument. I would bet that it is as good, if not better, than among men. Why aren’t women running? I’m not sure that it is because of a glass ceiling.
Personally, as a woman, I would never have voted for either Clinton or Palin. Neither have the qualities that I look for in a leader, which are primarily a knack for diplomacy, a lack of nasty divisiveness, and an ability to see all sides of an issue. Hilary Clinton is obviously very intelligent and capable, but it fills me with sorrow that she will be the next secretary of state. Her foreign policy ideas are mostly antithetical to my own, and unfortunately, what I thought I was voting for.

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By JNagarya, November 22, 2008 at 12:47 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

Yet American women are a majority of the population and a majority of the electorate.
_____

And yet women continue to whine that they are a “minority” needing special protections/because they are every bit the equal of men, who are given no special protections.

As for the brutality of the election: welcome to the real world: politics has always been brutal, even if one is male.  And even if one doesn’t make an issue of being male.

But let’s not pretend Palin was a victim of sexism, when the reality is that she wasn’t competent to be VP to begin with.  Indeed, given a good look at her history, and her (self-)exemption from the rules because she is female, she wasn’t and isn’t competent for any public office which requires adherence to ethical and legal standards.

And then there’s her own sexism: $150,000 for a wardrobe in effort to continue to sell herself based upon the fact that she’s female.

Blaming the world for the misconducts and missteps of women is really, really old, Marie.  And that is not only a continuation of really, really old patronizing, disempowering irresponsibility—women are not competent to accept responsibility for their actions, and the consequences of their actions, so its always the fault of “the patriarchy”—it is the continuation of really, really old sexism which “dis"empowers women into the exclusive empowerment of (self-)exemption from the rules.

Lyndie English couldn’t possibly have done what she did—even though we have the photographs of her doing it—because women are always either saints or victims of “the patriarchy”.

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By tdbach, November 21, 2008 at 6:18 pm #

I’ve been a frequent defender of Ms. Cocco in this forum, but I have to take issue with one facet of her thesis: Sarah Palin. I don’t think her “women have to be especially competent” argument is helped much by the use of Palin as an example. I would argue that NO man with her lack of qualification would have been selected as a VP running mate.  Ever.  In fact, I believe that Schwarzenegger had more expansive political experience (and exposure)before taking the California gubernatorial election (ubiquitous presence in national GOP campaigning) than Palin did (mayor of a small town); however, that’s niggling, as both were elected because they meet a modern-day thirst for celebrity or celebrity-like people in public office.
 
That said, Cocco’s main thesis still stands: women are vastly underrepresented in elected office, and the higher up the food chain they endeavor to ascend, the more they are met with sexist treatment, even if, as in the case of Palin, there are a legion of reasons to criticise her, or in the case of Hillary, it was simply irresistible to the school of Clinton-hating piranhas to attack using whatever teeth were handy. Clinton fought through this atmosphere through a long primary campaign and almost pulled it off - and might well have done it were it not that a once-in-a-lifetime gifted politician hadn’t chosen that year to make his move. Palin, on the other hand was plucked from obscurity and it took a week or two for her obvious deficiencies to be translated into put-down of her womanhood. Remember Dan Quale?  He was ravaged by the press and the left. But never on gender terms.

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By C.P.T.L., November 21, 2008 at 1:20 am #
(Unregistered commenter)

Sarah Palin was an absurd anomaly in any consideration of serious women candidates, who winked and played her own ‘woman card’ from the moment she arrived on the scene, was over her head, blathering and unprofessional, employing her best beauty pageant skills in the wrong ‘pageant’ - who was treated far more leniently than she should have been. As for Ms Clinton…

What exactly does the ‘glass ceiling’ have to do with the Clinton candidacy - beside that Hillary Clinton famously misused the term in reference to her failed bid - which was the result of her documented failure as the leader of her campaign to manage the two factions at odds within her campaign and thus keep her campaign’s message straight? Also Hillary and her husband tried to hamfistedly play Carl Rove’s sneaky game and failed, and their behavior and that of their campaign cost them the election.

It is a cynical misattribution of causes and effects playing upon the of the forces of disappointment and anger that the best latest chance for a woman president did not materialize, to promulgate an idea that the Clinton candidacy was undercut by outside forces.

The ‘glass ceiling’ refers to a closed group of men at the top of business hierarchies - or what is in other fields analogous to such a group and their behavior - excluding qualified women candidates from leadership positions for no other reason than their sex. It refers to an apparent open, clear opportunity that, in reality, is not available - hence the ceiling is of glass. There are no cabals of men in the upper eschelon of our society or government invisibly thwarting the chances of women candidates.

And the media, haven’t they more proved that they are shallowly focused on personality at the expense of issues, just as apt to malign Kerry as a flip-flopper or brand Edwards as a haircut or ignore Kucinich altogether - and cannot we trace Ms Clinton’s treatment by the media to their trite treatment of everyone more so than to sexism?

When we apply the term, are we now including as an aspect or example of the ‘glass ceiling’, a reluctance by the electorate to elect some women? Or is the term even further mutated to a catch-all referring to the barrier between existences - the existence of America that has never had a woman president vs America after a woman is elected?

This ‘glass ceiling’ talk - in this case - reeks of another bit of slipshod American language and broken definition and lazy categorization.

Are our cultural limitations The Glass Ceiling or is it the same old issues - not invisible, not glass, and nothing underhanded? Or, let us be specific that we are entering new factors, society’s behavior - and a raft of other factors as well - into the definition of the ‘glass ceiling.’

And as for the overall cause of advancement of women in politics, let us have representation commensurate with the population, but let’s not misconstrue why we don’t have it yet, or what it will mean when we do have it.

Existing women politicians do fine conscientious work in deliberate meaningful political careers making our country a better place on the one hand, and, lie through their teeth in purposeful charades designed to mask deliberate misgovernance in the service of monied interests on the other hand, little distinguishable from men.

Women are just as good or bad, fraught with apparently no more or less than the human limitations exhibited by men.

I wish there were more women in government, but with the example some of them make of themselves, playing the cynical rotten game of it as skillfully as their male counterparts, I have no illusions about female influence bettering things. I mean really, what’s the point of ten Michele Bachmanns instead of one?

I prefer the electorate pay attention to the issues and any candidate that serves the electorate first, and from that rise a representative group of the best of America, women and all.

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By lichen, November 20, 2008 at 6:52 pm #

Thank you, prole, for speaking such sense!  I do not want “women in power” I want equality for everyone; deep, participatory, decentralized, direct democracy where everyone is given a say and no one has “power” over anyone else.  But this sort of ridiculous, apolitical form of identity politics that has held sway for this past year really makes me sick - do african americans and women really have no more issues anymore than just the amount of representation in the annals of the rich and powerful?  Not equal pay, or the economic legacy of slavery?

This has been a bad, and brutal year for men in politics, too - since, after all, it is the men who are viewed as disposable, who hillary clinton and barack obama, etc. were going to send out to die in the middle east, and who virtually all of the ‘acceptable targets’ in those countries were (since it is a reportable problem when ‘women and children’ are murdered, but us boys over 18 can fill the mass graves without a second thought.)  Clinton, Palin, Obama, Mccain also all firmly support the prison industrial complex, whose victims are by far male, also said nothing about corporal punishment still used in many schools, on primarily boys, made no overtures towards banning male genital mutilation (circumcision) in this country.  So the representation of males isn’t doing us poor boys any favors, especially not those of us on the left. 

I voted for Cynthia Mckinney, because of her political platform, that would have benefited all of us, unlike the ceo feminism of billionaire imperialists like hillary clinton, who also promised to deny equal marriage rights to us homosexuals, who have also had a ‘bad year.’

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By o.b.b., November 20, 2008 at 6:26 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

I’m an elderly white male Hillary primary voter who ended up working as an Obama volunteer. I have voted for black mayoral and congressional candidates for over 20 years.

I found the Palin nomination to be utterly irresponsible - indeed,simply indefensible. As long as the Republicans persist in these “poison-pill” nominations (vide: Clarence Thomas!),I and many other men of my age and race will be perceived as sexist, racist, homophobic, or some other unwarranted slur…because we CAN’T vote for an absurdly unqualified candidate - regardless of sex or race. I simply could not vote for a candidate who would force women to bear unwanted children -especially when it would endanger their health. I will forego the opportunity to comment on Palin’s “foreign policy “credentials”, but note that she was very effectively “exposed” by…Kayie Couric (a woman, when last I looked)!

Ladies, your problem is too many Phyllis Schlafly’s, and too few Katies and Hillary’s. My advice? Educate your daughters.

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By prole, November 20, 2008 at 6:11 pm #

This is the kind of misguided, faux radicalism that is at base profoundly conservative. Instead of serving as a dissident force that can help burst the narrow bounds of hierarchical society in general, the majority of self-styled middle-class “feminists” seek to promote representation tokenism within the system, thereby serving to reinforce and strengthen that hierarchy, conceptually and practically – as well as advancing their own personal career interests .The far more important reality is that under existing strictures, the vast majority of citizens will continue to be relegated to subordinate status in society and ruled over by a minority of elites. Most - male and female alike - are beneath the banal “glass ceiling”; and always will be without broader thinking and wider structural change. The demographic composition of the ruling class is not as important as the fact that it exists at all. So, the real question becomes, do you want a truly democratic society, with power flowing up and rule from below, or do you simply want a quota program for “the halls of power”? The vast majority of the population, male and female alike, are effectively excluded from decision-making processes in government - and even more so, in the economy. By accepting the existing structural framework and simply changing some of the principals by sex or race, it merely replicates and reinforces the same class hierarchy which has always prevailed, albeit with surface changes. As we can see, by butchers and mass-murders like Madeline Albright, Hillary Clinton, Condoleezza Rice, et. al., there’s nothing inherently more humane and idealistic about females per se. Iraqi women and Palestinian women and Rwandan women, etc, (and men too, if they even matter) are no better off under a female imperialist – or a black one – than a waspish one. There are class and ideological differences between women as much as between men, and those are what matter most. Hillary and Palin are far less ideologically “divergent” from one another than they both are from someone like Ralph Nader. Nader bumped up against the ‘class ceiling’ of ruling power a lot quicker than Clinton & Palin. In fact, of course, multi-millionaires like Clinton and Palin do infinitely “better than women [and men] in impoverished, rural regions of the world” because of these class and ideological differences. “It’s time to stop kidding ourselves”, would Clinton or Palin or any of the sulky, affluent, over-privileged middle-class American feminist flock really want to trade places with someone in “impoverished, rural regions of the world”? Does anyone seriously believe that Palestinians and Iraqis and Afghani and many others aren’t incalculably worse off – thanks in no small measure to “brutal” women in “the halls of power” like Clinton and Albright and Rice and others?

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By troublesum, November 20, 2008 at 6:07 pm #

Remember, just four years ago Obama was “only” a state senator.

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By troublesum, November 20, 2008 at 6:05 pm #

It was not a brutal year for women.  More women than ever are serving in state governments.  The New Hampshire state senate is now more than half women.  That’s where it starts, on the state level.

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By Sue Cook, November 20, 2008 at 3:39 pm #

All you Clinton lovers and haters out there.

Don’t despair, (or do.)

There’s always the possibility that Chelsea will get into politics where after seeing her campaigning for her mother, I’m convinced that not only is she poised for the role, but may very well break through that glass ceiling her mother and all the others only cracked.

Us woman waiting patiently for this to happen can only hope that it will!

(But, haven’t given up entirely on Hillary to finish the job herself!)

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By uglyfemale, November 20, 2008 at 3:22 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

So middle-aged white women are still complaining about Hillary not being elected President,VP,Secretary of State?!  Cynthia Mckinney/Rosa Clemente ran on the Green Party line for President; did these harpies even CONSIDER them? Look at their platform? Or does Ms Cocco only look at 40+, affluent white women?  The racism of these National Organization of (white) Women is astounding in 21st century America.

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By Gmonst, November 20, 2008 at 2:55 pm #

I am going to go out on a limb here as a male, so forgive me if I offend anyone.  I am open to a female critique of my thoughts.  What I see from the ‘third-world’ female leaders that I don’t from many of their American counter parts is an embracing of femininity.  What I mean is that it seems like women in American politics is a rejection of feminine traits.  I am not referring to clothing, all though many do dress less feminine than most women.  I am talking about the tendency to appear tough and masculine.  Sarah Palin was feminine in her dress, but the hunting beauty queen was really more of a male fantasy, totally embracing of and subservient too the masculine ideal.  She even referred to herself as a pit-bull with lipstick, a dog for the patriarchy.  I think that women in American politics feel they need to reject the soft, caring, and compassionate sides of themselves to get ahead.  That to me is the power of women, not in emulating men in toughness, but the ability to see and point out the cruelty in our world and offer up creative solutions built on cooperation instead of domination.  Women can be a true changing catalyst in our government by bringing a fresh feminine perspective.  To be a true voice of those who suffer in our society and around the world.  To me there is incredible power in the feminine. In the gentleness, kindness, and compassion of women to really feel the suffering of others.  To resist with righteous bravery, without malice.  Strange as it may seem, I think that both Gandhi and MLK represent a feminine approach.  What I see is that when women get near power or gain power in America instead of really stepping to the plate and bringing feminine sensitivity to government, they become hawkish and make great efforts to seem tough.  They don’t charm us with grace, dignity, and a great understanding of others suffering.  Hillary could have embraced femininity and really stepped to the plate as understanding and addressing the suffering of others, but instead we got tough, hawkish views and proposals.  I personally think that we need a more delicate feminine touch in politics and in the world.  I just wish more women would bring it.

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By Louise, November 20, 2008 at 12:37 pm #

“There must be some reason we don’t do any better than women in impoverished, rural regions of the world where cultural norms oppress women.
Maybe it is because our culture isn’t so different after all.”
Bingo!

Our culture is NO different at all!

We are just emerging [hopefully] from republican domination, coupled with a form of religious domination that parallels those impoverished, rural regions of the world.

Regions where the ruling class, including political, is defined by the ruling religious point of view. Most often a religion that firmly establishes the “place” of women as second class. The men hold the Priest-hood, head the family, make the decisions and put bread on the table. Even in those instances where men can find no work ... or choose not to ... the rule holds. Mom goes out and brings in the bread [with his permission of course] raises the kids, and turns to dad for “decisions,” and spiritual guidance.

Consider the recent election. Saying Muslim was tantamount to saying treason. Saying Christian was necessary for creating a “view” of acceptability. The Catholic Church weighed in on issues that were frankly none of their business, and the Mormons allowed themselves to be branded as anti-gay, therefore anti-free! Meanwhile the Nation State of Judaism, exercised an un-holy influence on the thought process of a so-called free society and the three religious groups came dangerously close to influencing the out-come.

Or maybe they did!

So unless or until we grow up enough to realize this is a non-sectarian nation, where religion should have no place in influencing our politics, or political decisions. We are doomed to that narrow view that leads us to automatically find fault in the female candidate, while ignoring most faults ... even the glaringly obvious ones ... in men.

I did not support Clinton for two reasons. First, and most important, was because of her initial position on the war in Iraq, and second because she was a woman! But before you condemn me as a hypocrite, allow me to explain. I knew, as sure as I know I’m sitting here typing, the so-called christian conservative base would never vote for a woman! And the stakes were too high! We had to get republican control out of Washington!

McCain sealed his own fate when he selected a woman for his running mate. Palin cost him the election. Not because she was a dingbat who knew nothing about governing in DC, [that certainly never hurt Dubya’s chances] but because she was a woman! Repubs do not like the idea of a woman replacing the perception of [male organ sanctioned] priest-hood in the White House!

Nothing will change until the female population reaches that level of self-respect and self-determination to say to their men-folk, “I don’t care whether or not you claim to speak in the name of God. That special set of organs you have does not make you smarter than me, or better than me, or more capable of seeing the big picture than me!” Note, those nations that have no problem giving leadership to women often are nations that do not allow a “priest-hood” to do their thinking for them.

And that’s the lesson we need to learn. This is NOT a theocratic nation! It’s high time we stop behaving like it is! Then and only then will we see a qualified woman become president!

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By Tim Kelly, November 20, 2008 at 11:50 am #
(Unregistered commenter)

It is time to stop kidding ourselves. This wasn’t a breakthrough year for American progressives in politics. It was a brutal one.

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By dihey, November 20, 2008 at 11:21 am #

This male praises Marie Cocco for her gutsy posting.

The stark fact is that the huge victory of Senator Obama is totally due to the large percentage of woman who voted for him. If that percentage had been the same as that of males, 49% vs. 48%, McCain might have won the election!

Broder, Ignatius, Friedman and others are all over Hillary Clinton before she has even visited a single foreign leader. 

It is time that President Elect Obama shows leadership by defending his choice of her for Secretary of State and give these midgets (Broder may actually be senile)a lesson in civility. What is this Knight in Shining Armor waiting for? He is slowly becoming disgustingly timid in this affair.

If Obama is “beholden” to any group of supporters it is women voters. As of today he does not seem to have grasped this basic fact.

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By RdV, November 20, 2008 at 10:19 am #

Look, I don’t like Hillary Clinton and I am a woman.
I don’t like anything about her—her calculations, her hawkish posturing, her lies, her husband—the list goes on.
  I don’t like anything about her and what she stands for. in fact, I voted for Obama in the primaries as a vote against Clinton.
Does any of this have any bearing on the argument?

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By optipessi mist, November 20, 2008 at 8:33 am #

But you can see your reflections in that glass ceiling, Geraldine Ferraro, Hillary Clinton and Sarah Palin.  Who knows someday soon the right Alice will step thru the looking glass.

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By Paul, November 20, 2008 at 7:35 am #
(Unregistered commenter)

I agree totally that women are under-represented in politics, which harms all of us.  But the fact that Hilary Clinton didn’t become the Democratic nominee, or that Palin didn’t become Vice President doesn’t necessarily have anything to do with the glass ceiling.  Palin lost because she was on a losing ticket, specifically an unpopular Republican ticket facing an unusually moving Democrat.  Had she been a man she would have lost just as convincingly, I think.  A similar argument applies to Clinton, though there’s more evidence that her gender played some role.

That it was hard for them to reach the position they did (at least in Clinton’s case) is undoubtedly a result of the glass ceiling.  But sometimes people fail because they fail, not because of their gender, race, religion, or other factors.

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