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Keeping the Supreme Court in Check

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Posted on Nov 1, 2008
Obama and McCain
Composite: Flickr: realjameso16/marcn/jeff kubina

By Bruce Fein

A ballot for John McCain or Barack Obama is also a vote to influence the ideological complexion of the judicial branch. The Constitution empowers the president to appoint federal judges enjoying lifetime tenure, including United States Supreme Court justices, with the advice and consent of the Senate. 

The weight of the evidence suggests that McCain and Obama both would appoint centrist, non-ideological judges. The reasons: Strongly ideological nominees—like Judge Robert H. Bork—would probably be blocked by Senate filibusters; and neither candidate displays strong convictions about judicial philosophy that would make him trade away items on his domestic or foreign policy agenda to secure a judicial confirmation. They both are similar to former President Bill Clinton on that score. His appointments of Associate Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen G. Breyer were emblematic of his disinterest in judicial philosophy and his desire to avoid confirmation headwinds. 

Neither McCain nor Obama would alter the prevailing jurisprudence in the Supreme Court or in subordinate tribunals. The unfortunate result will be a judiciary that is deferential to presidential powers and law enforcement in the name of fighting international terrorism. Congress has eagerly acquiesced in its reduction to an ink blot in the Constitution’s checks and balances, and will not check or deter presidential excesses. Accordingly, the need for a robust third branch to thwart the presidency’s quest for despotic powers commensurate with an American empire is urgent.

James Madison, father of the Constitution, anticipated a judiciary taking up arms against a naturally power hungry president in introducing the Bill of Rights in the House of Representatives: “Independent tribunals of justice will consider themselves in a peculiar manner guardians of those rights; they will be an impenetrable bulwark against every assumption of power by the legislature or executive; they will be naturally led to resist every encroachment upon rights expressly stipulated in the Constitution by the declaration of rights.”

Neither McCain nor Obama will appoint judges who would fulfill Madison’s hope and expectation. In a post-9/11 atmosphere of fright and alarm, their appointees are likely to write second editions of the Supreme Court’s World War II disasters which upheld the constitutionality of racist concentration camps for 120,000 Japanese-Americans in the Hirabayashi and Korematsu decisions based on national security mendacity.   
   
McCain in the White House would confront a Democrat-controlled Senate. In the Nov. 4 elections, the Democratic majority might reach a filibuster-proof 60. On the campaign trail to excite a conservative base, McCain has vowed to populate the Supreme Court (if vacancies arise) with carbon copies of Associate Justice Antonin Scalia and Chief Justice John Roberts. But a Democrat-controlled Senate shipwrecked President Ronald Reagan’s nomination of Bork to the Supreme Court in 1987, and there is little reason to think a less popular President McCain could succeed in appointing a Bork disciple over even more formidable Democratic opposition. McCain would forgo certain defeat, and instead choose a centrist nominee à  la Justice Anthony Kennedy.

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Even if McCain enjoyed a friendly Senate, he would probably dishonor his campaign rhetoric. He joined the “Gang of Fourteen” in the Senate in support of filibustering President George W. Bush’s Bork-like judicial nominees to federal appeals courts, like Miguel Estrada. As a senator, McCain has displayed yawning indifference to judicial philosophy. He effuses over erstwhile Justice Sandra Day O’Connor, who blessed the McCain-Feingold campaign finance reform law and embraced the Roe v. Wade abortion decree. But he also boasts of voting for Chief Justice Roberts, who has held McCain-Feingold unconstitutional and has scaled back Roe v. Wade in cases of partial birth abortions. Within the same speech, McCain has simultaneously praised judges who defer to the legislature and judges who refuse to defer to the legislature on matters of gun control or the taking of private property. In the matter of judges and judicial philosophy, McCain has been all things to all people. There is no reason to think he would expend serious political capital to appoint conservative judges in the face of a strongly Democratic and liberal Senate.

Like President Clinton in 1993-1994, a President Obama would encounter a sympathetic Senate upon inauguration. Clinton appointed moderates Ginsburg and Breyer to the Supreme Court in the opening years of his presidency in lieu of seeking a liberal counterpart to the conservative Scalia-Thomas axis. He chose to conserve his energies and political clout for a domestic policy agenda. Obama would probably be a reflection of Clinton in appointing moderates who are unthreatening to prevailing constitutional law or philosophy.

In his run for the White House, Obama has professed admiration for Chief Justice Earl Warren, the bête noire of judicial conservatives and notorious for inventing rather than interpreting the law. But in the midst of primary season, Obama disowned Warren in denouncing a Supreme Court decision prohibiting the death penalty for the rape of children and praising a ruling invalidating strict gun controls authored by conservative Justice Scalia.

As with McCain, federal judicial appointments have been at the margins of Obama’s senatorial career. He parted company with McCain in reluctantly voting against Chief Justice Roberts and Associate Justice Samuel Alito (although he opposed a filibuster of the latter’s confirmation). As a presidential candidate, however, he saluted their views on the death penalty and gun control while tacitly repudiating the belief, stated in opposing Roberts and Alito, that a judge should be guided as much by the heart as by the head. Judicial appointments have predictably been orphaned in Obama’s presidential campaign.

In sum, other than insincere or misleading political bombast, the difference between McCain and Obama on whom they would appoint to the federal courts is a matter of inches, not of miles.

Bruce Fein is a constitutional lawyer at Bruce Fein & Associates, chairman of the American Freedom Agenda and author of “Constitutional Peril: “The Life and Death Struggle for Our Constitution and Democracy.”  


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By cyrena, November 4, 2008 at 6:08 pm Link to this comment

dihey..

You’re welcome. I think it’s more of a win/win than a wrong.

Being a relatively cautious person myself, I would not ALWAYS take the liberty to play mental interpretor for soon to be President Obama, because that would be quite arrogant. But on something like this, he’s been consistently and transparently ‘the real deal’ in his interpretation of our Constitution, and that’s just something that I’ve probably paid extra attention to these past few years.

Ernest Canning and I share a keen interest in the Justice Branch of our Constitutional Arrangement, and I think most of us know how crucial the High Court is at this point in our history. It’s yet another very fragile institution, and that’s scary as hell.

It’s like ‘trouble in River City’ has done a triple hit, and either killed or severely weakened the three pillars that hold up our republic. The Executive Branch was HIGHJACKED by the Dick Bush Thugs, and damn if it wasn’t the JUDICIAL Branch that did it!! And all along, we’ve been mostly stuck with this majority Rethuglican Congress. (It’s like a really scary hair-raising thriller/chiller movie/book; all the more so because it’s REAL!);)

So basically, we’ve been pretty severely wounded, and the Judicial Branch could be the final hit if it were to become a McPalin decision on how to fill any vacancies on ANY Court in the land, but SPECIFICALLY the USSC. 

So, we can’t blow this. I don’t even wanna THINK about what could happen if these crackpots get hold of the High Court. Thing is, they ALREADY HAVE, and there is NO DAMN REASON to think that they won’t do everything they can to hang in there, at any cost.

So…it’s down to fingernail biting time on so many really critical issues, at least to the future well- being of what we’ve traditionally known as the USA.

YIKES!!

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By cann4ing, November 4, 2008 at 7:50 am Link to this comment

Excellent point, Cyrena, but I would add that one should not overlook the fact that Barack Obama is a magna cum laude graduate of Harvard Law School who went on to teach constitutional law at the University of Chicago.

Barack Obama understands fully that the U.S. Constitution is not grounded upon the tenets of the Christian religion—or any religion.  The first amendment bars the “establishment” of any religion (freedom “from” religion) while preserving the free exercise of religion.  He understands that the constitution bans any religious test for federal office.

The assault on these principles by members of the Christian right has been so sustained that people like Dihey fail to understand that someone like Barack Obama can both believe in God and recognize that his belief has no place within the province of governing a secular state.  That is the essence of separation of church and state—a separation that would be undermined if John McCain were elected and then permitted to add more radical fundamentalists from the Robert Bork-founded Federalist Society to the Supreme Court.

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By dihey, November 4, 2008 at 6:00 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Cyrena: thanks for your comment, I was wrong.

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By cyrena, November 4, 2008 at 12:55 am Link to this comment

Dihey writes:

“I believe marriage is between a man and a woman”.
Would someone please explain to Mr. Obama that his “belief” is irrelevant with regards to crafting and passing laws.

Why are we about to replace one religious nut with another?

~~~

That’s the point dihey. Senator Obama has already stated EXACTLY THIS, a few dozen times. He has said what *he* thinks ‘marriage’ is, and in the same breath has made it clear that *HIS* personal ideology has ZERO to do with what people in an allegedly free society choose for themselves.

WHY is this so difficult for ideologues to grasp? It goes like this: If you believe that marriage is between a man and a woman, a male by genetic making and a female by genetic making, than you should only marry a person of the opposite genetic gender. That’s simple enough.

There is absolutely NO reason to care about who other people wanna marry, as long as they are of legal age to do so. THAT’S why he says that laws that would prevent people from marrying each other if they wanted to, (even if they were the same gender) are UNNECESSARY.

It’s an example of negative law. It’s a law ‘banning’ a practice, right, or legal status to a certain portion of the population. That’s wrong. And, Obama has made that point as well. The proposition to ban these marriages that have already been recognized and should continue to be recognized is divisive and discriminatory.

So again..Obama has previously answered this issue, making it really clear..HE may think of marriage HIS way, but has STATED that HIS ideology should have no bearing on what others choose for themselves.

How simple is that?

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By cann4ing, November 3, 2008 at 7:35 pm Link to this comment

What Fein neglects to mention is that McCain, if elected, would appoint jurists to the Supreme Court from the extreme right-wing Federalist Society.

In 1982 Bork founded the Federalist Society.  Bork’s and the Federalist Society’s radically reactionary goals were perhaps best summarized by Senator Kennedy during the floor debate on Judge Bork’s nomination to the Supreme Court:  “This debate has been a timely lesson in this bicentennial year of the Constitution of our commitment to the rule of law, to the principle of equal justice for all Americans and to the fundamental role of the Supreme Court in protecting the basic rights of every citizen.”

As Ralph Neas observes, these radicals in robes are committed to overturning scores of “Supreme Court precedents going back 70 years, affecting privacy, equal opportunity, the environment, religious liberty, reproductive health, [and] reproductive rights.” 

Critical areas left off Neas’s listing of the hard-right agenda include turning the clock back to the days of the Gilded Age when the Court struck down laws regulating child labor, wages and hours laws as well as regulations protecting public health through the long-discredited doctrine of substantive due process.  And, most especially, it entails jurists committed to the “Unitary Executive theory,” which is not merely radical but subversive of the rule of law as it would dismantle all checks and balances, extending to a president unchecked and unlimited power greater than that held by the British monarch at the time of the American Revolution.

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By rosste, November 3, 2008 at 4:09 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Mr. Fein has an unusual definition of “centrist,” even for someone that was Solicitor General for Reagan. By historical standards, Kennedy was hardly a centrist—he was actually very conservative. It is only by comparison to the far right current members of the court that he could be termed “centrist.”

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By dihey, November 3, 2008 at 3:05 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

I propose to add the word “palinism” to our political vocabulary.
A “palinism” is:
1. an answer that evades the question and
2. an answer that is dangerous nonsense.

Here is a passage from the Huffington Post:
“When an MTV viewer wanted to know what Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama thought of Proposition 8, a state constitutional amendment on the 2008 California general-election ballot that would eliminate the right of same-sex couples to marry, MTV News brought the question straight to the man himself.
“I think it’s unnecessary,” Obama told Sway, in response to a question sent in by Gangstagigz from San Leandro, California. “I believe marriage is between a man and a woman. I am not in favor of gay marriage. But when you start playing around with constitutions, just to prohibit somebody who cares about another person, it just seems to me that’s not what America’s about. Usually, our constitutions expand liberties, they don’t contract them.”

That is perfect “palinism”.

“I believe marriage is between a man and a woman”.
Would someone please explain to Mr. Obama that his “belief” is irrelevant with regards to crafting and passing laws.

Why are we about to replace one religious nut with another?

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By southwest, November 3, 2008 at 1:28 am Link to this comment

I’m no judicial scholar, but it seems like most moderates lean to the left when it comes to interpreting the constitution. I was under the impression that moderates tended to rule with the liberals more often then with the conservative justices.

plus, i think it’s more important that the future president (obama, please) will maintain a balance within the supreme court.
—————————————
Obama 2008
“Mad McCain” videos: http://tv1.com/playlists/show/11

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By cyrena, November 2, 2008 at 6:34 pm Link to this comment

The author concludes:

“..In sum, other than insincere or misleading political bombast, the difference between McCain and Obama on whom they would appoint to the federal courts is a matter of inches, not of miles…”

~~~~

I disagree entirely, and all I could think as I read this piece, what that Bruce Fein hasn’t been paying close enough attention. Because, we DEFINITELY know the GIGANTIC difference between who Obama would select, (and we’re not just talking about the USSC, but other federal court justices). In fact, the differences are SO HUGE, that even if there weren’t dozens and dozens of other obvious indicators of Obama’s far superior leadership skills and judgment, this thing with the Court is reason enough to make sure we choose him.

Obama damn sure knows how urgently critical it is as well, and SPECIFICALLY on the High Court. 

This was very clear 5 months ago, and before then, at least for anyone paying attention…

This is just one of the many times Obama has addressed this..

•  “In his response to Watson, Obama said, “Look, Diane. John McCain, if he’s elected, is going to pick a Supreme Court that will roll back every gain women have made in the last 50 years.””

http://thehill.com/campaign-2008/obama-i-bit-my-tongue-against-clinton-2008-06-26.html

http://www.truthdig.com/eartotheground/item/20080626_obama_bit_his_tongue/

He’s also made clear how he feels about Clarence Thomas and a few others that he would NEVER have appointed.

I think Mr. Fein should have researched this stuff a little better. If I knew this stuff, he should have known it.

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By AgathaX, November 2, 2008 at 5:10 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

It’s people who can’t tell the difference between an Obama and a McCain that cause us to end up with presidents like Bush and judges like Scalia, Thomas, Roberts and Alito. 

Fortunately, while you’re off voting for Nader, the majority of the country will be saving the courts.

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By Leisure Suit Larry, November 2, 2008 at 8:14 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Th truth is we have no idea who or what either of these candidates would appoint.

Eisenhower appointed Warren and Brennan. He later commented that they were both “mistakes” (his words) 

Kennedy appointed Byron (wizzer) White arguably the most conservative justice of the early 20th century. GWB appointed Davis Souter possibally the most liberal member of the current court. He and John Paul Stevens (appointed by Gerald Ford) are the liberal branch. both products of Republican administrations.

Lately the Court has been used for political purpose as unseemly as that may sound. Under this system, Juveniles, the poor (of all races) and the disenfranchised (people with non-traditional views) have suffered greatly.  The forth amendment is gone without proper process, we no longer have a right “to be left alone” and workers are rapidly losing their right to a secret ballot while conducting union affairs. 

No current candidate has spoken to the idea of expanded or restored constitutional rights. Both candidates have said openly that they plan to further erode individul rights either to keep us “safe” (something they can not possibally do) or to keep us healthy.

A Nation of sheep deserves a leadership of butchers. unfortunately we will all get what the majority mandates. a failure of democracy?

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