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Horrors of War Our Leaders Never Have to Confront

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Posted on Sep 22, 2008

By Robert Fisk

Editor’s Note: This article was originally printed in The Independent on Sept. 13.

Just outside Andrew Holden’s office at the Christchurch Press off Cathedral Square – and, believe me, New Zealand’s prettiest city is as colonial as they come, a Potemkin town of mock-Tudor government buildings, Scottish baronial churches and wooden versions of Victorian homes – is a brightly coloured, cheerful little water-colour. Boarding a big steamship, thousands of New Zealanders in big broad-bottomed brown hats are lining the quaysides, the gangplanks and the decks.

For a moment this week, I thought this might be some annual festival (perhaps involving New Zealand’s 35 million boring sheep). But then Andrew spotted my interest. “They’re going to Gallipoli,” he said. And – fast as the lightning bolt of history – my eyes returned to the tiny figures on the deck. Off they were going, another flower of youth, to the trenches and dust and filth of my father’s war.

I’m not sure of this, but I think – I suspect and feel – that the Great War, the war of 1914-1918, is beginning to dominate our lives even more than the terrible and infinitely more costly conflict of 1939-1945. As the years go by, the visitors to the great cemeteries of the Somme, Passchendaele and Verdun grow greater in number. The Second World War may haunt our lives. The First World War, it seems to me, imprisons us all.

The statistics still have the power to overawe us. As John Terraine calculates, by November of 1918, France had lost 1,700,000 men out of a population of 40 million, the British Empire a million – 700,000 of them from the 50 million people of the British Isles. The British Army, let it be repeated, lost 20,000 killed on the first day of the Somme. I noticed that in Christchurch Cathedral, the bronze plaques to the Great War dead had been newly polished – so that they looked as they must have been seen by those who came to mourn almost a hundred years ago.

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Who would have believed, even half a century ago, that this year’s Toronto Film Festival would open in Canada with a film called Passchendaele – perhaps the most-difficult-to-spell-movie of all time – the film poster showing just a young man standing in mud and filth and rain? Who could conceive that one of the most popular non-fiction books in recent Canadian history would be the Ottawa War Museum’s Great War historian Tim Cook’s At the Sharp End, the first volume of his monumental study of Canadians in the 1914-18 war?

Canada had its Douglas Haig – a maniac called Sam Hughes (“Minister of Militia and Defence”) who forced his young men to use the hopeless Canadian-made Mark III Ross rifle which jammed and misfired and heaped up the corpses of Canadians who could not defend themselves with this patriotic, murderous weapon. Cook, despite his occasional tendency to cliché (says Fisk) is superlative.

His description of desperately young Canadian men cowering in shell-holes – showered by the putrefying remains of their long-dead friends as bodies are again torn apart by shells – is devastating. So, too, are his quotations from the letters home of Canadian soldiers. “I went thru all the fights the same as if I was making logs,” Sergeant Frank Maheux writes home to his wife in an innocent, broken English. “I bayoneted some (sic) killed lots of Huns. I was caught in one place with a chum of mine he was killed beside me when I saw he was killed I saw red ... The Germans when they saw they were beaten they put up their hands but dear wife it was too late.”

My God, how that “dear wife” tells the truth about the surrendering Germans’ fate. And here is Captain Joseph Chabelle of the Canadian 2nd Division’s 22 Battalion: “Oh! The sensation of driving the blade into flesh, between the ribs, despite the opponent’s grasping efforts to deflect it. You struggle savagely, panting furiously, lips contorted in a grimace, teeth gnashing, until you feel the enemy relax his grip and topple like a log. To remove the bayonet, you have to pull it out with both hands; if it is caught in the bone, you must brace your foot on the still heaving body, and tug with all your might.”

Private James Owen was to describe how an enraged friend was trying to bayonet another German. “He lunged at the German again and again, who each time lowered his arms and stopped the point of the bayonet with his bare hands. He was screaming for mercy. Oh God it was brutal!”

Haig, by the way, was initially dismissive of the Canadians. “They have been very extravagant in expending ammunition!” he complained. “This points rather to nervousness and low morale.”

How the gorge rises at such wickedness. But it rises far more as you turn the pages of the beautifully produced, desperate collection of French soldiers’ amateur paintings and sketches of the Great War – “Croquis et dessins de Poilus” – which, ironically, includes a set of sad portraits of the poilus’ Canadian comrades. This magnificent book was produced by the French Ministry of Defence; why it could not have had a joint production with the Imperial War Museum beggars belief – does the Entente now count for nothing? For anyone who wants to understand the total failure of the human spirit which war represents – and the utter disgust which must follow the “arbitrament"of war (a Chamberlain word this – see his 3 September 1939, declaration of war) – must read the extract from Jean Giono’s Le Grand Troupeau, which accompanies Louis Dauphin’s bleak, rainswept painting, “Supply Route at Peronne”.

“The rats, with red eyes, march delicately along the trench,” Giono writes of the creatures with whom he shared the war. “All life had disappeared down there except for that of the rats and the lice ... The rats were coming to sniff the bodies ... They chose the young men without beards on the cheeks ... rolled up into a ball and began to eat the flesh between the nose and the mouth up to the edge of the lips ... from time to time they would wash their whiskers to stay clean. Then the eyes, they took them out with their claws, licked the eyelids, and would then bite into the eye as if it was a small egg ...”

My father saw these horrors on the Somme. They all did. Of course, Messrs Bush and Blair did not have to soil their thoughts with such images. Our boys shipping off to war – Mrs Thatcher happily endured the Gallipoli-like departures from Portsmouth – is enough for our leaders. But could it be, perhaps, that we – the people – know more about horror than our masters? Our history suggests this is true.


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By moineau, September 24, 2008 at 4:47 pm Link to this comment

fiske isn’t trying to be graphic. there’s tons of “graphic” out there if anyone wants to look. what he is saying, i think, is that wwI affected and continues to affect the entire world. it reads like history in my opinion, perhaps more written for those who have some basic facts about wwI than for others.

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By Inherit The Wind, September 24, 2008 at 4:30 pm Link to this comment

Did anyone actually READ this article before TD posted it?  It makes no sense at all, going from NZ to Canada without any explanation.

It looks like 3 different WWI stories all lumped together arbitrarily.

It’s awful.  But it’s no more graphic or compelling than Erich Maria Remargue’s “All Quiet on The Western Front”, written by a “Hun”.  (BTW, Hitler HATED Remarque and he was forced to flee Germany)

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By moineau, September 24, 2008 at 8:53 am Link to this comment

“That means they were pre-teens on 9-11.”

and as palin demonstrated in her remarks to her son’s contingent, they are still sending them to iraq in the name 9-11. if not misunderstandings, then lies and power. human beings will only change if trained in nonviolence from a young age. now that would be character education i could really support.

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By pejo, September 24, 2008 at 6:11 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

my grandma survived the japanese invasion in our country. killing, beheading were the normal thing…and raped too. she could hardly talk about it..

But after the iraq invasion, she told me one thing. Some americans nowadays(with the exception of the soldiers) dont know much about the horror of war.(the same view from my vietnamese friends) how was is to live in the warzone on daily basis..

I think that’s why some of them beating the war drum like it was nothing..In a way, its the same reason why i never hate the japanese. i dont how was it like.

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By Paul_GA, September 24, 2008 at 5:12 am Link to this comment

Perhaps, Alan, history will repeat itself at America’s expense.

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By Erich, September 24, 2008 at 5:08 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

When Leaders call for war, and vote for it. All of their loved ones need to be immediately drafted into the infantry. If they think the war is so important, than they must be willing to sacrifice the lives of their loved ones first.

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By kath cantarella, September 23, 2008 at 9:28 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=o1LLsw1lcuA

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By Alan, September 23, 2008 at 8:00 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

There is a danger here,
it is the danger the Weimar Republic lived
and died from, the danger of a devastating
crisis exploited by skillful demagogues
intent upon domination and destruction,
blinded by a “messianic” mission of doom.

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By peacenik1, September 23, 2008 at 1:47 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

The “Great War” produced some wonderful poets.  Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, and Rupert Brooke come to mind.  Sassoon’s poem DOES IT MATTER? could be contemporary, when one thinks of our fine young men and women recuperating in Walter Reed Hospital from their appalling injuries.

“Does it matter? - losing your legs?
For people will always be kind,
And you need not show that you mind
When the others come in after football
To gobble their muffins and eggs…”

Why are there so many silent voices today?

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By Frank Cajon, September 23, 2008 at 1:43 pm Link to this comment

I am named for a man, my grandfather, who was born in Northern Lorraine province in Alsace-Lorraine and immigrated to America at age 4. He was a minor league pro baseball player who left the US in 1916 and enlisted in the French army, and caught tuberculosis during the horror of that trench hell and was sick the rest of his short life.
People like Chancellor Bush and his heir apparent Mc Palin think war is glorious. It is not and the recruiting poster gloss they put on it is a lie. War is and always will be mankind reverting to his worst impulse, that to massacre other human beings for territory. We are primates and have evolved, most of us, but these people have not; for them, evolution is an outlawed belief system anyway and they are still savage, territorial apes slaughtering others for land. We have made no progress in 2 million years.

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By kath cantarella, September 23, 2008 at 1:21 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

Diamond, regarding Gallipoli and the way it is used in Oz, you are spot on.

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By KDelphi, September 23, 2008 at 1:13 pm Link to this comment

Very good, Paul. I was just trying to make the opposite point—you understand my meaning. Thanks

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By Paul_GA, September 23, 2008 at 1:00 pm Link to this comment

No, I’m very fortunate my Bro came home whole and sound, KDelphi (they sent him home a month early because our father passed away). Anyway, please don’t think I was angry or anything—I just wanted to point out that this antiwar libertarian does not blame the troops. His way of supporting them is to insist on a swift end to the wars and total withdrawal of everybody.

Yours,
Paul Alexander

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By PatrickHenry, September 23, 2008 at 12:57 pm Link to this comment

Once upon a time, it was the biggest, baddest individual at the front of the army who would be its king. 

Its been downhill all the way since then.

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By diamond, September 23, 2008 at 11:41 am Link to this comment

In Australia Gallipoli is a cult. The horrible truth is that at Gallipoli the Australians were used as cannon fodder by the British and it certainly wasn’t the only time. Young soldiers had to climb an almost sheer cliff face under unrelenting machine gun fire from the Turks- many of them were gunned down wading ashore after jumping off the boat and never even made it to the cliff. Those who survived dug in and endured a prolonged hell of privation and suffering you would think they would want no other generation ever to have to face. Ask six people and they’ll give you six different reasons for why World War I happened, most of them wrong. To celebrate a senseless disaster is insane but there’s method in their madness. They have all these young people going over to Gallipoli on package tours now as if there’s something to celebrate. What they’re celebrating is war as a form of human sacrifice but war is then able to stay respectable and is glorified so that another generation can be maimed, killed or driven crazy. If they told the truth about war they would never be able to have another one and so they lie. They lie to start them and they lie when they’re over and routinely cheat the soldiers out of health care and support. They did that after World War I too in spite of all their crocodile tears.

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By felicity, September 23, 2008 at 11:38 am Link to this comment

KDelphi - years ago I volunteered in soup kitchens and crises centers.  I saw, talked to, and basically struck-out as far as being able to move the Nam walking wounded from life on the streets to life as they had a right to be living but would never be able to live. 

War is short and ugly but the flotsam and jetsam, the aftermath who walk among us spend the rest of their lives in agony.

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By Susan Sunflower, September 23, 2008 at 11:19 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

I’ve been fascinated by WWI since PBS showed “Upstairs, Downstairs” and “Testiment to Youth” ... and realize that it resulted in “something” changing globally ... Women’s emancipation was part, the Industrial Revolution and the end of preordained feudal and/or agrarian submission, the young and ambitious of the countryside flocked to the cities and jobs.

All sorts of “progress” from the Industrial Revolution hurtled the world towards a war of hideous technical “progress” fought by this newly awakened and emancipated army of, they soon realized, cannon fodder. A war consisting of days and weeks of sodden boredom and brutal discomfort, interrupted by barrages of (all too often) sitting-duck carnage in the trenches.

The American war in Iraq in some ways is among our most prolonged conflicts and is unique in being fought largely by the same volunteer troops in successive rotations. Very different from the draftees in prior wars, who knew their de-moblization date ... As far as I can tell, people had to actually volunteer for a second tour in Vietnam. I’m not sure how WWI and WWII worked for Americans draftees, but we entered considerably and with the Canadians and less so the Australians enjoyed the security of a “safe” homeland. 

These two wars, WWI and Iraq, represent a profound humbling… WWI led to our present day reliance on air supremacy ... banish those trenches ... and war at arm’s length as we last saw notoriously in GWI and more appallingly in Vietnam. The damage done by sanctions and embargos goes on behind closed doors.

America liked to think it learned from VietNam ... but it did not… and most likely has not learned from Iraq ... nor is it likely to learn from what-next-in-Afghanistan ...

WWI led to the League of Nations ... amazing that at one time World Peace seemed attainable ...

I’d like to teach the world to sing in perfect harmony ....

It wasn’t all that long ago.

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By KDelphi, September 23, 2008 at 10:43 am Link to this comment

I re-read and saw wht perhaps you think I was implying

I’m sorry if it came off that way. I could hardly feel diferrent from that.

If it came off as “confrontive”, I only meant to imply that, alot of people (and I’ve seen it on other sites as well as TD—I think that it is a loser issue)  seem to be blaming the troops in Iraq for this war. I think that that is innappropriate. We failed to stop it.

If there should be war crimes charges (not that some grunts do not commit war crimes—I think many are ordered to do illegal things—some refuse—but, in this “war”, confusion reigns!)), they should be pressed on Bush, Cheney, Rummy, Powell, Rice, era al. Throw in Tony Blair, too.

The last thing I was trying to do was offend vets or their families. There’s a Vietnam vet sitting right here.

I looked and, I dont think you lost your brother. I’m glad. Corporal Stephen Cramer, USMC, says hey.

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By KDelphi, September 23, 2008 at 10:34 am Link to this comment

Paul-G—If i seemed to imply anything about you, I do apologize.

Actually I’ve never heard of your user name before.

I am very sorry for your loss, and all progressives should do everything that they can to see that these lives are no longer lost on the alter of capitalism.

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By Mainesongwriter, September 23, 2008 at 10:29 am Link to this comment

To imagine a parent comforting a child at bedtime, in a war zone where the parent knows they may not survive the night, is the image evoked in this song:

http://soundclick.com/share?songid=6086636

Thank you, Mr. Fisk, for a courageous, heartbreaking article.

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By Paul_GA, September 23, 2008 at 10:15 am Link to this comment

KDelphi, let me assure you that I hold nothing against the people who implement policy at the sharp end (the grunts)—it’s the people who make policy, and those who implement policy at the highest level, whom I fault. My own eldest brother was in the ‘Nam (1st Air Cav, ‘67—‘68).

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By moineau, September 23, 2008 at 8:12 am Link to this comment

if you are interested in the images of world war I, see the art of otto dix who sketched death in the trenches.

and then, as our so-called defense dept approves the sale of 1000 bunker buster bombs to israel on sept 14, and congress, embroiled in this economic debacle, has 30 days to approve or deny the sale, while ships encircle iran (and don’t forget the british and the french), get ready for the next one. no, they have no idea. tragedy upon tragedy. when will it end?

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By felicity, September 23, 2008 at 7:31 am Link to this comment

I’m reminded of Operation Urgent Fury - (I’m not making it up) - our ‘timely’ invasion of Grenada.  It was on the advice of Britain’s Thatcher that Reagan launched the invasion in 1983.

Thatcher, in 1982 aware that her coming re-election was iffy launched her Falklands war.  It bolstered her standing in the British public and she was re-elected.

In ‘83 she met with Reagan, whose public support was on the wane at the time, and advised him to start a war, assuring him that a quick war did wonders for ones popularity at home.  He ordered an invasion of Grenada.

Never having to confront them, they launch them with a cavalierness that is unforgiveable.

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By KDelphi, September 23, 2008 at 7:15 am Link to this comment

I worked at a Vietnam vet Ctr. Boy, did it ever change my outlook on that war! I had known that, growing up “too young” to really participate in the debate on Nam, (although my sister did, enough to get an FBI File), that I had probably gotten a biased view of it. I had, but not exactly in the way that I had thought.

My respect for these “winter soldioers” (and, god help us, deja vu all over again, like CCR says—John Fogqarty)) became immense. It was a little difficult to talk to me, at first, but, eventually, I was the first female voted into a Viet Rap Group (against the Sgt. running the place’s wioshes)in the city

I heard unbelievable things. Sytories of great courage, some cowardice, but, mostly , stories of people trying to stay alive, thrust into a situation that was confusing, heartbreaking and deadly. There was not a night that I didnt go home and cry. But, it was good for me.

Being a bystander to a war simply doesnt do it. Even entering their world doesnt put you there. They can only let you so far in. Sometimes , it is just too horrifying. We will never understand, but we should try.

So, there I was, when it came time for the next “big” war (THIS Iraq—although I protested the “first one” to s leser extent), I was out on sidewalks with whoever showed up . We never had more than 5 , here in Dayton.(There was a big rally at Courthouse Square later)The saddest thing I saw was a little boy riding by in a car, giving the peace signal—and his father smacked him. Somebody said they were buying us beer ( it was cold!!) and then threw it as us. One guy got a bloody nose and black eye.

Out at WPAFB (Air Force Base), there was Prof. Larry Gara , of Wilmington College (my alma mater—who had mentored my sister a generation before- now he’s about 88 yrs old). I went to talk to him, and he said, “Dont stand here. That guy—and the cops are taking pictures” 

INinctiveely, I jumped away.Then, as I looked at this black booted guy holding the video, in our “free spech” zone (!!!) I thought “Fu*k him!” and put my arm around Gara—he said,. “Well, at least historically, you’ll be in good company”. Since Gara was now Maude’s age, I figured he had a right to say it.

Just be careful before ou judge, please. HOnestly, when it is a draft, or, even a matter of finanacial survivial, if we turn on the troops, we are turning om ourselves.

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By Paul_GA, September 23, 2008 at 6:49 am Link to this comment

We the people must cease allowing ourselves to be bamboozled into interventionistic wars far away from home regardless of how they’re justified by the elites. If we can’t do that, then wasteful, stupid wars on foreign battlefields is all we can look forward to—at least, until this country’s economy collapses. (“The sinews of war are limitless money”, said Cicero about 2,000 years ago; it’s still true.)

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By Erik, September 23, 2008 at 6:00 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

My grandfather, who served in the Belgian army in WWI, would talk freely and for hours about WWII but absolutely refused to say a word about WWI. My mother said it was simply too painful of a subject.

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By Leefeller, September 23, 2008 at 5:53 am Link to this comment

Surprised the government let these words describing the horrors of war even be printed, when photos of flag covered coffins are off limits?

As a Vietnam Vet, when Bush pushed us into Iraq, I said here we go again, plus this time Bush made sure, the National Guard was sent in. Ironic.  Fearless leaders who use the blood of their people in offensive wars should be made examples of.  Of course lies cover the offensive part, so the wars are made in the peoples best interest. 

People who revel in war, slime like Bush and Chaney cowards of the worst order, imbeciles like McCain are an other story. 

In the comfort of our living rooms we are fed comfortable sound-bites enhancing the so important comfort zone,  death of war becomes part of the talking heads entertainment, even feels good, much like a junkie’s fix.

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By Jim Yell, September 23, 2008 at 5:41 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

There is a difference between Patriotism and Militarism. The people promoting Militarism hide behind the flag and religion. The gullible follow. It isn’t hard to see the lies. We attack the one Islamic country that did not have anything to do with 9/11, while our President protects the one nation in Islam which had the most to do with 9/11, the corrupt and murderous Saudi Royal Government. Why isn’t this question asked every day. Partly because the public has been told the war is fought with volunteer soldiers whose lives seem less important than soldiers forced to fight undercover of protecting the nation.

Of all the wars fought in the last 100 years WWI was the most brutal and most un-necessary. Fought for the ego of various factions, using modern weapons which should have changed the strategies used, but didn’t, resulting not in just death but slaughter. So many more men and their families had to live with the damage done to these mens emotional content.

I had two relatives who came back from being gassed and from serving in the trenches. One lived out his life screaming every night when sleeping and the other lived briefly with the TB a consequence of the damage done his lungs by being gassed and on his military release he was listed without wounds. It is always the Republicans who fight and resist the payment of compensation for these wounded. Republicans see everyone and everything as expendable and dispossible. Why do they ever get elected?

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By Fahrenheit 451, September 23, 2008 at 4:07 am Link to this comment

A very powerful piece; made even more poignant, because we (U.S.) now fight wars of choice using the uneducated, poor, and disadvantaged through the horror of an all volunteer army.  We have made death a way to drag oneself out of poverty and into an unknown hell.

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By Outraged, September 22, 2008 at 11:02 pm Link to this comment

Article quote: “All life had disappeared down there except for that of the rats and the lice ... The rats were coming to sniff the bodies ... They chose the young men without beards on the cheeks ... rolled up into a ball and began to eat the flesh between the nose and the mouth up to the edge of the lips ... from time to time they would wash their whiskers to stay clean. Then the eyes, they took them out with their claws, licked the eyelids, and would then bite into the eye as if it was a small egg ...”

I’ve read books about war which were much like this.  Outside of the pain and the suffering and the death, this is the other reality of war.  Writings of this nature should be required reading for students in the last two years of high school.

How many would “join up” then?  And what type of assurances would they bargain for if they were well aware of war’s truisms?  This would put a dent in imperialistic endeavors and itchy trigger fingers.  What will it take….or isn’t there anything?

I’ve never been a war zone, and it’s an experience I’m not anxious to have.  More people need to understand just what war entails.  How will we talk to our returning soldiers if we don’t have any graphic conception of war, AT ALL.  It certainly is a far cry from the John Wayne stuff isn’t it, or how ‘bout Top Gun..?  Fantasy…

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By kath cantarella, September 22, 2008 at 10:59 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)

The USA has lost so many of their own, so many more than we have. I’m sorry for being such a bitch.

Bless all the families with soldiers on tours. May whoever’s in charge of these things bring your people home safe to you.

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