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Reports

The United States of Hypochondria

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Posted on Dec 4, 2007

By Eugene Robinson

WASHINGTON—We Americans like to think of ourselves as strong, rugged and supremely confident—a nation of Marlboro Men and Marlboro Women, minus the cigarettes and the lung cancer. So why do we increasingly find ourselves hunkered behind walls, popping pills by the handful to stave off diseases we might never contract and eyeing the rest of the world with a kind of us-or-them suspicion that borders on the pathological?

    Last week, I heard some of the nation’s leading cultural anthropologists try to explain these and other phenomena. I came away convinced that we, as a nation, definitely should seek professional help.

    The American Anthropological Association held its annual meeting here in Washington, and I was invited to an afternoon-long panel discussion titled “The Insecure American.” I decided to overlook the fact that my hosts, Hugh Gusterson of George Mason University and Catherine Besteman of Colby College, had recently co-edited a book called “Why America’s Top Pundits Are Wrong.”

    “The Insecure American” turned out to be a revelation—by turns alarming, depressing and laugh-out-loud amusing—as scholar after scholar presented research showing just how unnerved this society is.

    Setha Low, who teaches at the City University of New York, has spent years studying the advent and increase of gated communities. People decide to sequester their families behind walls because they are afraid of crime, they feel isolated from their neighbors and they’re nostalgic for a kind of idealized Norman Rockwell past, Low reported. Nothing terribly irrational about that.

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    But after extensive interviews with residents of gated communities in San Antonio and on Long Island, Low discovered that there isn’t really less crime behind the walls, people don’t really feel more secure and there was no greater sense of small-town closeness among neighbors. Despite the gates and guard huts, people still felt they needed to set their alarm systems.

    Joseph Dumit of the University of California at Davis presented his work arguing that health care has been redefined into a statistical exercise in risk reduction. The average American fills nearly 13 prescriptions per year, Dumit said, and many of the drugs are not to make the patient well, but to reduce the statistical risk that the person will become ill. People who are otherwise healthy are prescribed statins to lower their cholesterol, for example, or beta blockers for high blood pressure.

    Dumit pointed out that this risk-driven approach assumes that every one of us is “inherently ill.” It also drives health care costs by pushing doctors and drug companies to spend whatever it takes to incrementally reduce a patient’s risk of getting sick—even though some of those patients never would have gotten sick anyway.

    Susan F. Hirsch, a professor at George Mason University, gave a riveting presentation on how terrorism feeds insecurity. Hirsch’s husband, Abdulrahman Abdullah, was killed in the 1998 al-Qaida bombing of the U.S. embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. When some of the alleged perpetrators faced justice in a New York courtroom in 2001, Hirsch began attending the trial as a victim. She ended up studying it as an anthropologist, concluding that the legal system, while imperfect, was the best way of dealing with terrorists.

    Catherine Lutz of Brown University reported on her studies of what President Eisenhower called the “military-industrial complex.” She noted that the immense resources this country devotes to war-making are based on assumptions that anthropologists might not accept as given—that war is embedded in human nature, for example, and therefore can never be consigned to our barbarian past as was done with slavery.

    Lee Baker of Duke University, Brett Williams of American University and other presenters described their research on economic insecurity, driven by forces such as globalization, immigration and gentrification.

    And Nancy Scheper-Hughes, a professor of medical anthropology at the University of California at Berkeley, had me wincing as she talked about her investigations of what she called “vulture capitalism”—the global trade in body parts for transplant. The fastest-growing segment of kidney transplant recipients, Scheper-Hughes said, consists of patients over 70; when they can’t get a needed organ from the transplant registry, she said, they often ask a healthy child or grandchild to donate.

    To recap: We’re afraid of one another, we’re afraid of the rest of the world, we’re afraid of getting sick, we’re afraid of dying. Maybe if we study our insecurities and confront them, we’ll learn to keep them in check. Before we turn the whole nation into one big paranoid gated community, maybe we’ll learn that life isn’t really any better behind the walls.

    Eugene Robinson’s e-mail address is eugenerobinson(at)washpost.com.

    © 2007, Washington Post Writers Group


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By Marjorie L. Swanson, December 6, 2007 at 9:44 am #

Americans will never get over their fear until they quit trying to find some magic elixir to cure all their problems. Taking responsibility for your own well being would be a rational start. There is no pill for every ill but the search for one has certainly made a whole lot of drug companies and their stockholders very rich. If we are honest with ourselves we know that many of our afflictions are because of our lifestyle and the choices we make. There is unfortunately no pill that provides common sense.

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By thomas billis, December 5, 2007 at 9:09 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

Mr Robinson want to make a million dollars write a book how my generation I am 61 went from flower power to Bush.Explain how we went from from looking at all as equals and with compassion to hiding behind walls and the only relationships are over the internet.How we could be made into cowards afraid to die for the ideals that made America great.I attribute part of it that this generation did not have a hardening event such as the depression or WW2.I am so disgusted by this generation that thinks reliviving the sixties is taking a viagra pill and going to a Rolling Stones concert.A sign of the times, rather than follow my first suggestion on a book you could make the same amount of money writing a biography of Britney Spears.

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By jackpine savage, December 5, 2007 at 1:20 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

Welcome to Western Snivelization…we are scared, and generally of all the wrong things.  Gone are the days of the hearty individual and the American “can do” spirit.  Please, government, protect me…mostly from myself.  Please pharmaceutical company, make me feel happy all the time, because, yes, sometimes it is hard to sleep.  I don’t always feel as happy as i think i should, even with all of my material possessions.  And no, i can’t always get it up…i’m so thankful you can help with that too.

Larry Flynt published an expose about long-term use of over the counter antihistamines causing erectile dysfunction, and that the companies knew about it.  Their answer was to make a pill to fix the problem that they created.

The US government funds terrorist organizations to give the USSR a bloody nose, or supports a dictatorship for the benefit of US corporate profits…knowing that shit like that comes back to bite us.  Their answer, start a war against something that they’ve done so much to create.

The above story can be said of the War on Drugs as well.

The politics of fear dominates.  Even global warming is ALWAYS couched in terms of fear rather than as an opportunity to give our descendants a better life.

The government loves fear, because it can take the role of protector…even while generating more fear.

I’m starting to feel anxious, i think i’ll talk to my doctor about that pill i saw advertised on TV that will make me calm again…

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By Frank Cajon, December 5, 2007 at 2:21 am #

Having had extensive exposure from within the medical community by profession (as well as a son who is), and the poor luck of having several real chronic illnesses, my feeling from the inside looking out is that of many other Americans being brainwashed by pharmaceutical giants to either buy medicine or tell their doctors to prescribe it to them. I watched a football game two days ago and there were twelve commercials for pharmaceuticals during the game-everything from erectile dysfunction pills (the big buck meds now, though they are dangerous for many men with cardiovascular disease), antihistamines, pills for benign prostatic hypertrophy, sleeping pills, pills for arthritis, and several adds for drugs to treat hyperlipedemia (high cholesterol and related problems).
Though I myself am nearly 60 and have had lymphoma cancer, a spinal tumor that prevents me from walking unassisted, cardiac arrythmias requiring a pacemaker, blood clots in my lungs on three occasions requiring lifetime anticoagulation medications, two knee replacements and elbow and shoulder surgeries for inflammatory joint disease, I take only one medication remotely related to the drugs advertised during the game, a statin drug for elevated cholesterol. Of the remainder of the commercials that weren’t for global warming SUVs and pickup trucks, nearly all were for the other substance that is one of the two that are causing the most medical problems in America for the past 30 years.
Americans and human beings in general take very poor care of themselves and show a propensity to ingest and inject poisons into their bodies. In America the cost of alcoholism and methamphetamine addiction is incomprehensible. The mental health system is overrun with ‘DDs’, dual diagnosis patients who have most often alcoholism (and in the last 15 years more and more methamphetamine use, often both) and a secondary mental health problem that is usually a result of chronic brain damage from the poisoning. This usally is something like a form a mental retardation called organic brain syndrome, or can be hallucinations or seizures, or blackout spells. There really are ‘lost weekends’, but most are spent on 48 hour holds in overloaded county mental health facilities. An occasional glass of wine is certainly not harmful, but there are at least 15 to 18 million Americans who are addicted to alcohol sufficiently that they drink daily, and often to excess. Methamphetamine is deadlier than alcohol and despite being illegal (unlike the freely advertised booze), it causes a substance-induced psychosis in a relatively short time if used for an extended period without stopping, and fries the user’s brain in a much shorter time if used regularly. Now at least 5 million strong, tweakers are able to stay perpetually stoned on a relatively cheap habit, that rots out their teeth, turns their brain to swiss cheese, and in a few short years they can pass for a born schizophrenic, but did it to themselves.
What is being done to stop this? Well, the ‘War on Drugs’ focuses as much on such substances as marijuana as it does on meth, despite this substance having only mild long term effects and actually having some medicinal applications for treatment of nausea and chemotherapy side effects. The other problem is that the ‘War on Drugs’ has been as big a travesty as the War in Iraq. Spending nearly $20 billion a year, the ‘War’ has made drugs more plentiful and cheaper than ever and half the arrests are cannabis-related.
America isn’t a nation of hypochondriacs. It is a nation run by fascist fools, financed by Pharmaceutical companies, and populated by tweakers and alcoholics.

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By Myronh, December 4, 2007 at 9:58 pm #

Why are so many people afraid of so many things? Is it possible that the religion that they so ardently follow is not providing the sense of security that each religion claims?

Apparently their fear of premature death is greater than their faith. If they truly believe, then they should rely on G-d and JC to answer their prayers. Or is it possible that they have discovered that prayers have never restored a severed limb? If they really want proof, just visit any Military Hospital caring for the amputees of the Iraq war.

A true Atheist is not encumberred with fear; accepting the fact that we are just another living thing on this planet. We are destined to die like all other life. Afterlife is just another scheme to make the poor and downtrodden accept their present status in life, with the promise of a heavently afterlife.

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By skinheadfarmboy@hotmail.com, December 4, 2007 at 9:19 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

what is wrong? Everytime americans speak out about what is wrong is USA they are crushed.  By society, coorperate news, police ect…See our prison system?  It is comparable only to Isreal.  We as citizens just “tough it out” and get by, knowing we are being cheated of a reasonable quality of life, and how do we vote? We vote where we spend our money, yes it’s true.  Funny I think the president and vice is reading this as I type it out..

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By Scott, December 4, 2007 at 4:06 pm #

WriterOnTheStorm wrote Some genious should invent a psychological GPS system. One that maps out these insecurities, and warns us when we approach oncoming exploitability thresholds. Now that would be truly useful.

This brings to mind Hari Seldon’s psychohistorians from Asimov’s Foundation stories.

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By Scott, December 4, 2007 at 4:01 pm #

So why do we increasingly find ourselves hunkered behind walls, popping pills by the handful to stave off diseases we might never contract and eyeing the rest of the world with a kind of us-or-them suspicion that borders on the pathological?

I think the reverse of the above is probably the case for many of the pills you take. Eyeing the rest of the world with a kind of us-or-them suspicion that borders on the pathological cannot be good for the psyche. There are probably all sorts of physical ailments also stemming from this.

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By purplewolf, December 4, 2007 at 2:43 pm #

I do believe this fear thing has been over blown. The majority of everyday people I encounter do not live in fear of much of the above reasons mentioned in the article. The one fear not mentioned to all too many, is the fear of not being able to pay the bills each month as job loss, downsizing, reduced wages/benefits has been a constant worry for those in my state since the 1970’s with Reagan’s trickle down economics.

I have relatives, retired professionals who travel the country extensively and they have not encountered this “fear” as much as the media outlets profess to. I asked them directly to see their take on it. Their answer, most people live and work as before and don’t let this so called fear element rule their daily lives.

The greatest fear, which most of us cannot control is what this delusional administration will do to America(s) and the rest of the real world in their paranoid world view of their own drug/alcohol induced reality. It seems that all the proof to counter these false claims of impending doom from this administration is never good enough. They are the ones with the REAL fear problems and it is obvious they are unable to handle reality so they convert to lies to feed the fear and delusion that they need to use to try and control those who are weak enough to fall for it.

Strange, Bushco will believe a fairytale book written by anonymous authors, changed countless times through the centuries as truth and real truth, proven facts backed up by evidence is dismissed as untrue. This is total proof they king is insane.

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By Douglas Chalmers, December 4, 2007 at 2:39 pm #

“The American Anthropological Association held its annual meeting…... “The Insecure American” turned out to be a revelation—by turns alarming, depressing and laugh-out-loud amusing—as scholar after scholar presented research showing just how unnerved this society is….”

There is a confluence of at least three major sets of experiences in the American psyche which, in turn, has produced a layered effect of anxiety, refusal and denial. The “new world order” has turned out to be the negative effects of the USA’s own lust for power and the counter-effects of economic forces on the world stage.

But first, historically, there is the original invasion and landgrab of settler society with its mindset of “white is right” and its resultant justification of its depredations both on the landscape and the indigenous peoples and the enslaved Africans it brought with it.

Secondly, and still continuing, there is the historical flow of migrations of European and other peoples with their anxieties of fitting in with the established order of things. That was made more acute for many because of the restricted circumstances from which they came and the pseudo-freedom of the rigidly WASP semi-police-state they found themselves in.

Third, there was the American civil war and the atrocities which Americans visited upon themselves and each other and which still exists in the minds and hearts of most Americans. It is a subtly magnetizing force which has compelled the USA to meddle in other peoples’ conflicts and especially where there is, or there is potential for, a civil war (Korea, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Iraq).

Since 1945, with the realization of the US global hegemonic empire by virtue of being the last major power left standing after WW2 and the fact that it had developed super-weapons (WMD’s) AND used them, the USA has gone on to create its own pernicious evil with the military-industrial complex rather than the people being triumphant.

Thus the global empire that was spawned with the Spanish-American war, “a wingspan of 10,000 miles” from Cuba to the Philippines, matured and found reason after reason to invade and molest smaller countries around the globe for its own perceived benefit. But, since the 1970’s-80’s, its manufacturing base started to crumble and the reality of the level playing field and globalization has begun a two-way effect.

Now, the psychic results of “living the lie” of both white settler society and the richest nation on Earth are coming home to haunt every American. The wealthy can afford to complain but the majority are becoming poorer as well as more and more disturbed. Only realization of the truth of their essentially contrived mental complexes can save them.

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By WriterOnTheStorm, December 4, 2007 at 2:08 pm #

That Americans are insecure is hardly a revelation. What is newer, and of immediate concern, is the ingenious and increasingly sinister ways that government and markets have found to exploit these insecurities.

These fears are big business. Careers are made by those who can tap into them. Wars are justified. Religious cults founded. Soaps sold.

Some genious should invent a psychological GPS system. One that maps out these insecurities, and warns us when we approach oncoming exploitability thresholds. Now that would be truly useful.

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By groucho, December 4, 2007 at 12:56 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

Did any of them notice the enormous profits being made by globalized mega-corps while this fearmongering is spread?  Big Pharma has a large supply of Big Chemical pills, potions & lotions to address an infinite number of syndromes that were once considered acceptable.  Of course, I sometimes get a little confused.  When one group recommends 8 glasses of water per day, while another offers drugs to cure overactive bladder and yet a third sells water filters…I probably need a pill to balance my mental biochemical tendency towards having my head implode.

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By anonymous, December 4, 2007 at 12:35 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

sounds like Mrs. Robinson has been badgering Mr. Robinson to get a physical

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By Frostedflakes, December 4, 2007 at 12:10 pm #

In America, fear, greed, corruption, and deceit are quite profitable and are now the foundation of our political and societal mores.

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By DivaJean, December 4, 2007 at 11:49 am #
(Unregistered commenter)

And this is article doesn’t even begin to discuss the inherent issues with the “obesity epidemic” and how the BMI has been used to begin bilking the public more and more…

One good reason there are more overweight & obese people in the US is that the numbers changed overnight (in 1999) as to what defines these. Some people went to bed that night in the “normal” range of weight- then the next day were suddenly overweight. AT THE SAME WEIGHT.

The powers that be in the medical community are also seeking to redefine what constitutes a heart attack (event). They are seeking to have certain blood markers of cardiac or muscle stress equal a heart attack. It would stand to reason there will likely be an epidemic of cardiac events should this pass- all the more proof that the fat people are more likely to have *ahem* heart attacks.

I recommend anyone interested head over to a really well written website called Junkfood Science- that debunks a lot of the crap science coming out of medical industry these days.

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By measles, December 4, 2007 at 11:08 am #

Thank you very much for what I’ve been looking for for a long time…scientific evidence that everybody should just chill out.

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