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Making the Grade

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Posted on Aug 6, 2007

By Sharon Scranage

Students receive their final report cards for the school year in June.  The level of anticipation is always intense as they wonder:  Did I get that A, that B, that C?  In short, did I pass?  The level of anticipation is no different for teachers and school administrators at the beginning of a new school year—that’s the point at which they determine whether they have passed or failed in their attempt to educate their pupils.

Books and workbooks are provided to students to help them achieve passing grades in their core subjects.  Teachers instruct from the “core” academic curricula adopted by their districts.  Through No Child Left Behind, states and districts that have school sites in underprivileged areas also grade these sites on whether or not they meet the needs of their socioeconomically disadvantaged students; however, there are no specific strategies provided in the regular “core” curriculum to address the special challenges faced by these pupils.  How can teachers and school personnel “make the grade” without a workable curriculum?

School districts that have attempted to train teachers in meeting the needs of students from poverty have focused primarily on issues of race and/or language competencies.  In many states, there are certifications teachers must attain, which focus on cross-cultural language acquisition and design.  While updated training and information in ELD (English language development) and cultural diversity are pertinent, diversity may not reside only in language levels and race; other factors also weigh heavily in determining the present and future productivity of our students nationwide.

A form of cultural diversity which is often alluded to but rarely addressed in school systems is the diversity that exists within different socioeconomic class systems.  Many of our “at risk” students stem from “generational poverty”—a culture in and of itself. Former teacher and administrator Dr. Ruby K. Payne, author of “A Framework for Understanding Poverty,” has identified specific characteristics exhibited by families that have endured several generations of poverty.  The fates of these students depend upon the resources and relationships available to them.  A teacher who understands the needs of students from a poverty culture can better address barriers to learning and provide the tools needed to exist within other class systems.  This, in turn, would increase each child’s ability to move out of poverty and into a more productive and lucrative socioeconomic culture.

Strategies and programs that address the needs of impoverished students exist, yet our school systems tend to ignore these options in favor of quick fixes.  Unless impoverished students can understand and work within an unfamiliar class system, they may not understand the value of the academic subjects they are taught or, once proficient in these subjects, understand how to apply them to a middle-class work force or to the pursuit of higher education.
It is generally acknowledged that schools in economically disadvantaged areas face unique challenges; however, acknowledgement alone will not result in real progress.
In order to formulate a successful curriculum for students of generational poverty, we need to ask some pertinent questions:  What are the needs of students from generational poverty?  Once the needs are identified, how are educators going to meet the needs of students from generational poverty in order to provide educational equity?  And finally, how can we effectively measure the progress of these students as it relates to their ability to access and utilize the information needed to rise to another socioeconomic class system?  These questions must be answered before we can effectively teach disenfranchised students.

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Until we provide teachers and administrators with the strategic tools to help our students out of poverty, our public schools will continue to provide an education that gives little advantage to our poor and unwittingly sustains an overall system of institutional inequity.


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By Dan Uu Noel, August 8, 2007 at 7:51 pm #

My local public school district (NMUSD, California, Costa Mesa & Newport Beach) has a few schools underperforming under NCLB, but indications suggest that its only efforts are to duck the real issues by:
a)  Publicly blaming the problem on the high Mexican population of these schools (“statistics do not show Mexican and white kids in ‘problem’ schools to perform worse than Mexican and white kids statewide”).
b)  Sending parents the legally required bilingual notes stating their right to request a school change, but adding written assurances that the schools are just fine and an expression of confidence that they will not use their right.
c)  Minimizing statistics of bullying and sexual harassment in Mexican schools by blaming victims and snitches, whereas white schools focus on uprooting these practices.
d)  Proactively offering transfers from a Mexican school to a white school when parents escalate problems.
Efforts to reform Mexican schools seem to be haphazard, at times reduced to changing the leadership to gain a few years while the new directors establish their (poor) record. Perhaps this is because unlike their white counterparts, Mexican parents tend to work long hours, be poorly educated, and be fearful of governmental institutions. As long as white parents denounce sloppy school management and squeaky wheels get the oil, white schools will get better services.
With about a decade of cumulated experience of my sons in schools of both types, my only solace is to tell them that the deliberate mismanagement they have witnessed is nothing compared to the military’s.
Love,

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By Skruff, August 8, 2007 at 5:36 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

93138 by just saying on 8/08 at 9:41 am
(Unregistered commenter)

“We make special learning programs for second language learners, learning disorders,so…. why not for students that are poor?”

Interesting you mention this.  PL 94 142, now called IDEA specifically EXEMPTS poverty as a factor in learning disabilities.  The word “specifically” here means that the law has a clause prohibiting using circumstances connected with a families poverty in any educational determination which might benefit the student.

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By mackTN, August 8, 2007 at 3:31 pm #

Public schools are in crisis, particularly those in urban areas but generally across the board.  Unfortunately, this news trickles out because of the widespread secrecy in the system.  Of course, administrators will refer to this as respecting the privacy of their students, but its much more than that, arising from fear that schools will lose funding if students perform badly on standardized tests. 

If any of you have children in public schools, have you ever asked to see your child’s standardized test?

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By just saying, August 8, 2007 at 1:41 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

We make special learning programs for second language learners, learning disorders,so…. why not for students that are poor?
We have specialized education for the rich and well- to-do, it’s called private schools.

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By Louise, August 7, 2007 at 5:40 pm #

Our policies are set by people who have never had to earn anything by the sweat of their brow. In fact these people do not sweat. Well except when they work out in their private gyms with their private trainers on their private estate reached by their private jet and maintained by their private staff ... usually a different color.

Now how on earth can anyone expect such people to understand anything about public education, or poverty, or the working poor, or the hopelessness of knowing no matter what, you will never get ahead?

These folks, by virtue of their birth have escaped that reality. Not because they work harder or think better or even comprehend anything ... look at our president ... but just because of an accident of birth. These are the folks that make the decisions that develop the policy that keeps the majority down so they can continue their life-style unmolested.

And right behind them are the few left in the Middle Class who “walk for a cure” and “pray” for an end to war. Both activities accomplishing nothing, except to put more money into the pockets of the “establishment” who need so little and always get so much more.

And what’s all this got to do with education anyway?

Everything.

These folks like to believe people are poor because they don’t want to work. They never make the connection between the food on their plate and the waiter that brought it. Or the new shoes on their feet and the hands that made them. Come to think of it not wanting to work is an easy philosophy for them to grasp, since they certainly don’t want to!

These are the “something for nothing” folks and the last thing in the world they are going to do is take a close look at the end result of their self-indulgence. Why should they?

We believe every line thrown at us, whether it’s from the preacher up there, or the TV commentator down there. We treat these folks like they are somehow more important. We run to their beckon call, buy their superior attitude, watch there goings on like it makes any difference and follow their Stock Market like it matters to us.

And the really poor and the really disadvantaged just keep on keepin on.

So what’s the answer?

If I knew that, I could patent it and be rich like them.
Kidding of course ... although it would be nice to have the answer.

But I know one thing for sure. Electing one of their hand-maidens, or courtiers to be president wont likely change much.  Which leaves us with a clear choice between Kucinich and/or Paul, and EVERYBODY else!

If our votes happen to be counted that is.

Most Constitutions of the individual States guarantee their citizens the right to an education. The Constitution of the United States places Constitutional power in the hands of the States above the control of the Feds. So the first BIG mistake we made was allowing a Federal Department of Education to be created.

No Child Left Behind, an Act “To close the achievement gap with accountability, flexibility, and choice, so that no child is left behind.” sounds good ... but who created it? The same folks who control everything else. They are real good at making things sound good, without really doing any good, except to give them more power and control. No Child Left Behind is not truly designed to educate, only to “account” and lay blame.  As far as the least advantaged among us are concerned ... the law is unworkable. Therefore the law becomes just one more tool in the arsenal that the “born privileged” have to make sure the “wrong” people don’t invade their territory.

By the way, Sharon Scranage, “generational poverty” IS NOT A CULTURE!
It’s a TRAP!
Maybe you ought to try it some time.

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By Phx Teacher, August 7, 2007 at 3:14 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

I too, have studied Ruby Payne. You may discredit her, but she was the first to focus on money instead of race as a dividing factor in classifying students.
What makes people uneasy is the idea that our poor could someday be living next to us. (middle class). Where will the cheap labor come from then? Instead of discrediting a new way of looking at things,use the ideas as a spring board to other ways of looking at the situation. (by the way, generational poverty is worldwide, it is not only in the US.  It is a worldwide phenomenon) We need to stop viewing new ideas as an “attack” on the system.

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By Skruff, August 7, 2007 at 12:23 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

Years ago, when I was a child, my father brought me to a restaurant in New York City.  I noticed that the menues had no prices listed.  Being an inquisitive (and flinty cheap) boy I asked “Why are there no prices?

Dad gave me the answer that I have remembered for over 50 years “If you have to know how much it costs, you shouldn’t be here.”

I think of that situation every tiome we talk about US education.  We fund education (in most places) by taxing “property” of citizens. Taxing property is also a good way to get it away from folks who have no influence, and into the hands of people who have money.

SO at a grassroots level, the money spent on education is limited by local folks who do not want to be forced from their homes.

A better way to fund education would have been to tax businesses which are the greatest benefitaries of an educated workforce.  But now, with businesses going offshore and hiring illegal immigrants, that option appears to be off the table. 

But there is good news, one doesn’t need much education to take an order at Burger King, or to stock shelves at Walmart.

My father also told me something else in that fancy restaurant back those years ago:

You usually get what you pay for.

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By nonsequitor, August 7, 2007 at 11:52 am #

another ‘space filler’ article. i’ve heard this stuff for at least a generation. why is poverty generational in the u.s.?

why is the entire education system in ‘generational poverty’ ?

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By Emily Anne, August 7, 2007 at 8:49 am #

And the American attack on education continues.

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By Outraged, August 7, 2007 at 5:46 am #

The easiest way to answer a question is to turn the question around.  It’s simple and controversy will ensue, however it is easy and realistic. I love the KISS philosophy. (Keep It Simple Stupid)

So I suggest the opposite approach.  Instead of what causes “generational poverty” and the issues of dealing with this “phenomenon”.  The more pertinent question is: What causes “generational riches”?  Therein lies the answer.

I believe the euphemism is ” Think out of the box”.  And if you haven’t figured it out yet, do what the “creepy little monkey” in Disney’s Lion King tells Simba to do as he tries to find himself. He admonishes Simba to: “Look harder.”

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By Duane Campbell, August 7, 2007 at 1:20 am #
(Unregistered commenter)

While I agree with much of your argument, your use of the over simplified work of Ruby Payne is a real problem.
She reintroduces the culture of poverty arguments which were discredited long ago.  Ruby Payne (2001). While her writings may have helped teachers think about issues of poverty and family disruption, the re introduction of the cultural deficit framework has all of the problems of earlier deficit thinking.
Payne has been helpful to the author describing some of the inter active manners in which poverty and family disruption contribute to school problems.  However, note that the Middle Class, to which author Payne claims to belong, has many examples of family disruption , lack of order, and living in the moment, maladies which Payne describes as representative of
generational poverty.
The authors which Payne uses to describe poverty conditions are dated and inadequate at best.  By returning to the culture of poverty framework, Payne ignores most of the social science literature on poverty .  She also describes the important work of Rueben Feuerstein in a manner the projects his ideas far beyond the original research samples. (Payne, 2001)
  Using concepts from mental disability research to describe class differences is an inappropriate over extension. If there is evidence to support the use of mental disability research to apply to poverty, it has not been presented in this book. 
  Teachers should be wary of conclusions drawn about child-rearing behavior in one cultural group or class when these conclusions are based on the observations by members of distinctly different cultural groups. ( Payne 2001),
For more debate on what is wrong with the claims of Ruby Payne please see:

http://educationpolicyblog.blogspot.com/search?q=Ruby+Payne

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By farmertx, August 6, 2007 at 11:29 pm #

92667 by Phx Teacher on 8/06 at 6:09 pm

Very valid point. The current thinking seems to be a 1 size fits all approach, with the emphasis on college bound students.
What about the mechanics, carpenters and other trades type folks who will never go to college?
They should have some instruction on the basics in English, History and the sciences, but expecting them to learn Shakespeare seems like a wasted effort.
Canton TX, population 3500 just built a performing arts center at the High School. Shop and Ag classes (this is farm/ranch country) are ignored, but we have a tutu factory as some locals call it.
‘Course, that ain’t nothing to one district in Northern Tarrent County; they built an indoor football field. Yup, Cowboys have practiced there at times.
And your average Texas HS football coach makes about half again (good ones get nigh on to double) what the best qualified teacher makes. First things first, right?

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By Don Stivers, August 6, 2007 at 10:15 pm #

Remember!!!  Politicians just give lip service.  They don’t work in the over loaded class room.  Sort of like they don’t work the front lines of a war.  So, they don’t understand that there is only so many hours in a day to prepare your curriculum, teach it to the students, deal with absent parents and then deal with test scores that don’t really reflect the teaching ability of an individual teacher.

Like the teacher astronaut about to go into space said, being an astronaut is no harder than teaching.  And I believe that. 

Go volunteer in the class room.  Spend time helping, and then make your decision whether or not that teacher is doing a good job or not.  I’m sure you will find that elementary and high school teachers have some of the most difficult, stressful jobs as a result of all of the legislation passed over the past several years.

Isn’t it amazing that we pay congressmen more to SERVE us than we pay teachers to work with our own children?

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By Phx Teacher, August 6, 2007 at 10:09 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

Unfortunately, no one thinks of the questions the author mentions when funding programs geared towards our nations disadvantaged students. Before we contunue to shell out more money that we don’t have, we need to look at how the student will be affected in the long term, not just the standard quick fix curriculums that are typical of our school systems. We implement the same programs over and over, with a little different packaging with very little result.We need to stop,  think, and redesign.

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By farmertx, August 6, 2007 at 9:13 pm #

Texas was saddled with NCLB and no money to put it into effect. Tax cuts is way more important than educating kids. ‘Sides, the rich can afford private schools.
It’s main focal point here, the TAKS test is now being phased out as being unproductive. A process, whole heartedly endorsed by the Shrub is deemed unproductive? Who woulda thunk?
Back in the ‘50’s (1950, smarty, not 1850) we had year end tests that, when coupled with the term tests during the year, showed if you had made enough progress to pass to the next grade.
But when Junior, the class clown, didn’t pass, Mommy raised hell, saying the poor baby would need counseling to live a normal life after that shame.
So, here comes social promotions. Just show up often enough and you pass, dumb or smart.
That’s why the calulacting register came to be; too many clerks couldn’t add and subtract enough to make change. But, they were high school grads.
Most teacher’s would advocate going back to the end of year test, along with the 6 weeks tests, to determine if a child has learned enough.
‘Course, that does put all the GOP owner’s of the testing companies, reading books and the consultants out of business. Oh well.

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By James, August 6, 2007 at 7:04 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

This article is a banal and lazy observation of the status quo.  Perhaps the questions being asked at the end of this article merely add to furthering our “acknowledgment” of the situation?  While this is fine and good, the author’s urge for real action contradicts her ending statements.  What is being done now to address these current problems?  In light of the need for serious change, perhaps our discussion should be directed at criticizing or praising the current mindset and philosophy of education in this country-rather than just acknowledging problems there too.

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