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E.J. Dionne Jr.: Christianity’s African-American Soul

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Posted on Dec 22, 2006

By E.J. Dionne

“African-Americans read their own collective experience into the agony and exaltation of Jesus. The story of the Christ child, blessed by God yet born in the shadow of poverty and violence, was their story. Jesus’ humble birth in antiquity signified the humble origins of African peoples in modernity. In his impoverished entry into the world, Jesus turned the tables on earthly valuations. Fulfilling the promise of the oracle that celebrates his advent in a stable, the hills of the privileged and the valleys of the humble are inverted, marking the beginning of a new era.”

-- Allen Dwight Callahan in “The Talking Book: African-Americans and the Bible.”

WASHINGTON—Great traditions are subversive. They constantly call the imperfections of the present to account in the name of a more exalted standard.

Abraham Lincoln marshaled the power of the Declaration of Independence to challenge slavery, and every year, the Christmas story overturns our daily understandings of power and privilege. A newborn king and savior appears among us, born to a most unlikely family, in a most unlikely venue, in the least promising of circumstances.

Callahan’s remarkable book, published this year by Yale University Press, describes the rich and intense relationship between the Bible and the African-American imagination. But even more powerfully, it suggests—without making the case directly—that the reading of the Christian tradition offered by African-Americans is as close as any to the authentic meaning of Christianity.

A Harvard-trained New Testament scholar and ordained Baptist minister, Callahan traces the role of “the talking book” (the phrase belongs to Henry Louis Gates Jr., lead editor of “The Norton Anthology of African-American Literature") from slavery to civil rights and from gospel music to hip-hop. Callahan makes his case in the book’s first sentences: “African-Americans are the children of slavery in America. And the Bible, as no other book, is the book of slavery’s children.”

It is hard, I think, for anyone nurtured in the Christian or Jewish traditions to dispute Callahan’s claim that the Bible “privileges those without privilege and honors those without honor” and that it has a “penchant for bringing peripheral people to the center of history.”

“The God of holy scripture has made slaves no less than their masters in the divine image and likeness,” Callahan writes. “The Apostle Paul had declared that master and slave were equal in God’s sight. And in the book of Exodus, God had freed the ancient Hebrews from bondage in Egypt; the liberation of slaves had been God’s will. These were ideas at least as revolutionary as any Jeffersonian proposition.”

All this might sound odd to members of two groups. Some on the left see religion as an “opiate of the masses’’ that offers the oppressed “pie in the sky when you die,’’ in the words of the old song, by way of diverting them from rebellion against this world’s injustices. Many on the right see Christianity demanding allegiance to conservatism, and there are a few who can’t seem to distinguish between the Scriptures and any given year’s Republican Party platform.

Callahan is alive to the fact that the Scriptures and the meaning of Christ’s story have always been contested. Elijah Muhammad of the Black Muslims called the Bible “a Poison Book.” Slave owners emphasized biblical passages calling upon slaves to submit to their masters. “According to the testimony of slaves themselves,” Callahan writes, “obedience was the first commandment of the Christianity preached to them.”

Yet the Bible’s subversive message could not be successfully blocked. Frederick Douglass, the ex-slave and abolitionist giant, spoke of two religions called Christianity, “the corrupt, slaveholding, women-whipping, cradle-plundering, partial and hypocritical Christianity of this land” and “the pure, peaceable, and impartial Christianity of Christ.” Many years later, W.E.B. DuBois, a founder of the NAACP, called Jesus “the greatest of religious rebels.”

And no story has played as large a role in African-American faith as Exodus. Introducing Martin Luther King Jr. in 1963 to a Jewish audience as a modern prophet, Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel declared: “The exodus began but is far from having been completed. In fact, it was easier for the children of Israel to cross the Red Sea than for a Negro to cross certain university campuses.”

Callahan cites the words of an old Negro spiritual:

Poor little Jesus boy
Made him to be born in a manger.
World treated him so mean
Treat me mean, too.

The poor, the outcasts, the slaves: If Jesus spoke to anyone, it was to them, and they have responded to him through the centuries. The African-American religious tradition is a blessing to all because it requires us to remember that Jesus of Nazareth really did revolutionize the world.

E.J. Dionne Jr.’s e-mail address is postchat(at symbol)aol.com.

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By Monty, April 29, 2007 at 6:26 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

,"Question with boldness the existence of a God; because, if there be one, he must more approve of reason than of blindfolded fear”.  Thomas Jefferson
There is no excuse for intelligent people to be so ignorant of facts about the charlatan fantasies and make-believe pretenses of religion, that works to undermine the true Democratic principles and unifying influences of our Democratic Society! To promote, propagate, profligate or publish the same pretentious and pompous falsehoods that are the evil tools used by Fallwell, Baker, Haggard, the Pope, and their ilk to brainwash, indoctrinate, brand, and subjugate innocent children and fools so as to use them to gain ever more money, power, and divisive influence, is tantamount to supporting pimping, and prostitution. And, because those charlatans use their evil schemes and lies to control, and enslave those misled ‘bovine-like’ advocates by rendering them ‘virtual’ robots that do their bidding; they are criminals, and all of those supporting them, are criminal cohorts, equally guilty of the crimes they commit against humanity, those fools, and the children.
The vast majority of “religious” people were: forced into their ‘belief’! They had no say in the matter, they were imposed upon, brainwashed, and indoctrinated when innocent and defenseless! They were not old enough, wise enough, or informed enough to make a decision, or to determine the value of the information passed to them by elders who, they were taught to obey and were not able to question or contradict! And, generation, upon generation the same methods have been perpetually used and promoted by a big gang of thieves as their victimizing schemes to rob people of their pristine mental facilities and their ability to determine fact from fiction! 
Most religious indoctrinated “children” never reach an “age and ability” to recover from the ‘desease’!
‘Religious’ “parents” already mezmerized and ‘indoctrinated’; are the absolute worst ‘indoctrinators’!(because, they have first access to the innocents at the earliest age!)
Religious parents mind’s are warped by the charlatan’s lies and fairytales, and by passing it on, they are naive, unwitting cohorts of the ‘criminal’ charlatans’; and are abetting the spread of the infectious plague-like desease called “Religion”!  These “parents” are criminals! They are guilty of ‘branding’ and ‘warping’ the ‘pristine’ minds of the innocent defenseless children and robbing them of the mental acuity they were born with.
Religion’s evil bigotry has relegated all non-religious people and realists, to a lower class ‘infidel’ status.
And, the time has arrived for all ‘Secular’ Organizations, and realists to seriously consider aligning under one ‘banner’ to fight the fight of our lives; to overcome the deadly influences of those religious fanatics who intend to overthrow our once Democratic Government and accede to domination of our society by brainwashing innocent children and fools, infecting them with the plague-like desease called “Religion”
and thus branding and converting them into mezmerized, robot-like monsters, and cohorts, suborned to ever ceaseless efforts aimed at gaining total, and complete control over our entire way of life.
How does the US Government guarantee ‘newborn’ US citizens the “Right” to: “freedom of religion”?
“---U.S.citizens are guaranteed freedom of---religion---” (?) But; how, can the ‘pristine’ acuity of innocent children’s minds possibly survive the corrupting influence of mind-warping religious indoctrination they are unable or free to question or object to?

Report this

By Monty, April 29, 2007 at 6:24 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

,"Question with boldness the existence of a God; because, if there be one, he must more approve of reason than of blindfolded fear”.  Thomas Jefferson
There is no excuse for intelligent people to be so ignorant of facts about the charlatan fantasies and make-believe pretenses of religion, that works to undermine the true Democratic principles and unifying influences of our Democratic Society! To promote, propagate, profligate or publish the same pretentious and pompous falsehoods that are the evil tools used by Fallwell, Baker, Haggard, the Pope, and their ilk to brainwash, indoctrinate, brand, and subjugate innocent children and fools so as to use them to gain ever more money, power, and divisive influence, is tantamount to supporting pimping, and prostitution. And, because those charlatans use their evil schemes and lies to control, and enslave those misled ‘bovine-like’ advocates by rendering them ‘virtual’ robots that do their bidding; they are criminals, and all of those supporting them, are criminal cohorts, equally guilty of the crimes they commit against humanity, those fools, and the children.
The vast majority of “religious” people were: forced into their ‘belief’! They had no say in the matter, they were imposed upon, brainwashed, and indoctrinated when innocent and defenseless! They were not old enough, wise enough, or informed enough to make a decision, or to determine the value of the information passed to them by elders who, they were taught to obey and were not able to question or contradict! And, generation, upon generation the same methods have been perpetually used and promoted by a big gang of thieves as their victimizing schemes to rob people of their pristine mental facilities and their ability to determine fact from fiction! 
Most religious indoctrinated “children” never reach an “age and ability” to recover from the ‘desease’!
‘Religious’ “parents” already mezmerized and ‘indoctrinated’; are the absolute worst ‘indoctrinators’!(because, they have first access to the innocents at the earliest age!)
Religious parents mind’s are warped by the charlatan’s lies and fairytales, and by passing it on, they are naive, unwitting cohorts of the ‘criminal’ charlatans’; and are abetting the spread of the infectious plague-like desease called “Religion”!  These “parents” are criminals! They are guilty of ‘branding’ and ‘warping’ the ‘pristine’ minds of the innocent defenseless children and robbing them of the mental acuity they were born with.
Religion’s evil bigotry has relegated all non-religious people and realists, to a lower class ‘infidel’ status.
And, the time has arrived for all ‘Secular’ Organizations, and realists to seriously consider aligning under one ‘banner’ to fight the fight of our lives; to overcome the deadly influences of those religious fanatics who intend to overthrow our once Democratic Government and accede to domination of our society by brainwashing innocent children and fools, infecting them with the plague-like desease called “Religion”
and thus branding and converting them into mezmerized, robot-like monsters, and cohorts, suborned to ever ceaseless efforts aimed at gaining total, and complete control over our entire way of life.
How does the US Government guarantee ‘newborn’ US citizens the “Right” to: “freedom of religion”?
“---U.S.citizens are guaranteed freedom of---religion---” (?) But; how, can the ‘pristine’ acuity of innocent children’s minds possibly survive the corrupting influence of mind-warping religious indoctrination they are unable or free to question or object to?

Report this

By Karmacanik, February 9, 2007 at 11:28 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

Actually, the question is not whether God exists, or why African Americans hold tenaciously to faith in Him, and the efficacy of His son’s blood.  The real question is why modern man, theologically speaking, would prefer to believe in his own delusional brand of “self-actuated” creation and redemption. 

This false sense of security was in response to the “strict constructionists” who usurped authority over scriptural interpretation, wielding it for unholy and unjust purposes. Throwing the Gospel out with the bathwater is just as foolish as trying to use the Gospel to support slavery.  Both sides of that coin are irreconcilably tarnished.

Christ came to seek and to save that which was lost. His kingdom was not of this world.  He rightly asserted the ability to call many legions of angels in response to the evils perpetrated on this planet.  However, that would have played right into the hands of the malevolent force that is these many years later still wildly successful at convincing people that neither he nor God exist.  That’s the brain teaser!

Christ came, and overwhelmingly proved, that God’s Law could be kept in the flesh, through the power of the Holy Spirit.  African Americans, at least ancestors of mine who longed for “God’s Heaven”, wanted no part of a millennium here on this earth fueled by racial toleration, and mega-homes in the suburbs, and entertainment, and rubbing elbows with all races at Spagos, Maxims, and Emerods.  A sense of arrival by whose terms? 

A snooty, self-segregated African American bourgeois elite whose contempt for their more unfortunate brethren is just as raw and immoral as that inflicted historically by society!  Nothing like a young black man from the ghetto wandering into your gated community, threatening the foundation of western civilization – on our terms (I include myself). [Visit the wealthy black ‘burbs surrounding ATL or DC. You better be driving a late model ‘Bimmer, Benz, Lexus, Porsche or Infinity if you dare stop at a traffic signal.  Nothing like being profiled by your own huh?] No, my ancestors righteously preferred and longed for the environment that Christ promised those from all nations who were faithful – a home in Glory Land that outshines the sun.

Peace

Report this

By Karmacanik, February 9, 2007 at 11:09 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

Actually, the question is not whether God exists, or why African Americans hold tenaciously to faith in Him, and the efficacy of His son’s blood.  The real question is why modern man, theologically speaking, would prefer to believe in his own delusional brand of “self-actuated” creation and redemption. 

This false sense of security was in response to the “strict constructionists” who usurped authority over scriptural interpretation, wielding it for unholy and unjust purposes. Throwing the Gospel out with the bathwater is just as foolish as trying to use the Gospel to support slavery.  Both sides of that coin are irreconcilably tarnished.

Christ came to seek and to save that which was lost. His kingdom was not of this world.  He rightly asserted the ability to call many legions of angels in response to the evils perpetrated on this planet.  However, that would have played right into the hands of the malevolent force that is these many years later still wildly successful at convincing people that neither he nor God exist.  That’s the brain teaser!

Christ came, and overwhelmingly proved, that God’s Law could be kept in the flesh, through the power of the Holy Spirit.  African Americans, at least ancestors of mine who longed for “God’s Heaven”, wanted no part of a millennium here on this earth fueled by racial toleration, and mega-homes in the suburbs, and entertainment, and rubbing elbows with all races at Spagos, Maxims, and Emerods.  A sense of arrival by whose terms? 

A snooty, self-segregated African American bourgeois elite whose contempt for their more unfortunate brethren is just as raw and immoral as that inflicted historically by society!  Nothing like a young black man from the ghetto wandering into your gated community, threatening the foundation of western civilization – on our terms (I include myself). [Visit the wealthy black ‘burbs surrounding ATL or DC. You better be driving a late model ‘Bimmer, Benz, Lexus, Porsche or Infinity if you dare stop at a traffic signal.  Nothing like being profiled by your own huh?] No, my ancestors righteously preferred and longed for the environment that Christ promised those from all nations who were faithful – a home in Glory that outshines the sun.

Peace

Report this

By Dr. Firpo Carr, December 28, 2006 at 5:36 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

Your article and the book are of special interest to me given the fact that I’m in the process of writing a book that discusses the nexus of the Bible and Africans in the Diaspora (including, of course, African Americans). Based upon what I read, however, there are what I perceive to be several conundrums that I believe need attention. Two readily come to mind after a casual reading of your article:

(1) Since early historians, particularly Herodotus, describe the Egyptians and Ethiopians as Black, how do you reconcile the fact that Black Africans were on the other side of slavery when the Children of Israel were in Egyptian bondage? How do we as Black people relate to this? (I have my own answer, but, I’m curious to know how our esteemed author would answer.)

It gets particularly dicey if, as some Black nationalists believe, the original Jews were Black too. If this is indeed the case, we have perhaps the biggest case of Black-on-Black crime in the history of civilization.

(2) After leaving Egypt, the Israelites were to vanquish the Canaanites and others out of the Promised Land. Is there a proposed parallel to this action? Are we to evict our enemies, whoever they may be, off our own “Promised Land,” whatever that may be? 

Of course I haven’t read the book, but would be interested in knowing if these matters are entertained therein.

cc: postchat at aol dot com

Report this

By amos_hart, December 27, 2006 at 11:44 am #
(Unregistered commenter)

Richard:
I’m sure you’re right, but what the hell are you talking about?

Report this

By richard smith, December 27, 2006 at 8:19 am #
(Unregistered commenter)

Religion: a misrepresentation of myth, ( except your religion).

Report this

By amos_hart, December 26, 2006 at 5:43 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

rhonda:

In case you’ve been asleep for the last several hundered years, there is no “church” as such. In fact Martin Luther did a funny thing way back in the 16th century. It’s called the Reformation. Check it out. Also, many congregations of Christians do not have any hierarchy beyond the local body to which they are answerable. Southern Baptists, a rather large group in this country, are notorious for their independence from the larger convention. Maybe you should actually visit one before you call for rebuilding a religion. No, on second thought, please don’t. With your attitude, you would split it inside of two weeks.

Report this

By amos_hart, December 26, 2006 at 5:32 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)

mite:

“More people in history have died because of religion then any other reason. Does anyone not understand this?”

Yes, I don’t. Cite your sources or cut the b.s.

P.S. The Da Vinci Code doesn’t quality as a credible source. It’s FICTION, like your post.

Report this

By Rhonda, December 26, 2006 at 8:21 am #
(Unregistered commenter)

Christianity was co-opted early on as Kim notes in #43502.  Early (1st century) struggles within the ranks of believers ultimately led to the triumph of those who wanted an authoritarian pattern for church organization.  The writings of the dissenters were hunted out and burned.  Christianity could have gone the route of peaceful egalitarianism, but instead it went the route of all-out misogyny, enthroning bishops, priests, deacons, presbyters, all male, all intent on order and obedience.  Since then the church has been careful to pander to powerful nations and has found the most fallacious means of supporting actions that would have made Jesus get out the whip and clear the temple.

If enough people of all colors come to realize what’s happened, maybe they can rebuild (resurrect) a religion that resembles Jesus’s teachings instead of the authoritarians’.

Report this

By mite, December 23, 2006 at 9:45 am #
(Unregistered commenter)

I say that truth is needed in this time of Greed, Power, Control, and Genocide. We will not get it from the Church. Church uses their power to control and enslave the masses and have done so for centuries.
The people of color have experienced this for centuries and now its the Anglo-Eurpoean- American’s turn; or should I say the light bulb is finally On. You see all people have been slaves of one sort and we have always served a MASTER- The Church. More people in history have died because of religion then any other reason. Does anyone not understand this.
Centuries ago a small group assembled and decided what scriptures would be included in the Bible. Instead of just accepting something as feed to us we need to question and demand facts not theories.

For example Christmas-Birth of Jesus-a man like any other man, but one who practiced what he preached- walked the talk. But wait was this man born December 25th? Why does the Church give us this date as his birth? Hmm. According to the scripture in the Bible, research history outside the propaganda sources you can theorize the birth was sometime in March-April. Hmm. Oh yea, what about the place of birth?
Lie to me once-shame on you, lie to me twice shame on me.
If we follow the Ten Commandments, and the Golden Rule toward each other- I say we no longer need to accept these lies. Has anyone ever joined a church and stopped giving money? How were you treated after you stopped giving cash?

Report this

By Kim Viner, December 23, 2006 at 8:27 am #
(Unregistered commenter)

Excellent point - with one glaring omission.  How does this, “The Apostle Paul had declared that master and slave were equal in God’s sight. These were ideas at least as revolutionary as any Jeffersonian proposition” square with Paul’s repeated admonishment to slaves to obey their masters?  Peter says the same thing; in essence, be good slaves, obey your masters and your reward will come later.  Why didn’t Paul and Peter take Jesus’ words to heart and say, “Slaveowner, treat your slave as you would expect to be treated - set them free?”

Report this

By Dr. Knowitall, PhD, PhD, December 23, 2006 at 8:24 am #
(Unregistered commenter)

I guess it depends on what you mean by “did revolutionize the world.” He certainly didn’t in my mind, make it better, if he even really existed.  I believe everyone in a free society has the right to their beliefs, but, for the life of me, I don’t understand how a people as suppressed, oppressed, tortured, violated, disrespected and otherwise abused as African Americans have been--in this country,alone--can have any faith in a Supreme Being who, to this day, continues to let them down.  If God is pissed off about the way his world is turning out,(and I think if there’s a chance he exists, there’s an equal chance he’s pissed) then African Americans must certainly be His whipping boy.  It’s certainly not the perpetrators; European American whites seem to be doing pretty well.  That’s some God up there. If he/she/it has a color and it isn’t black, he/she/it must be racist, the Fucker, and I’m NOT JOKING. If he/she/it IS black, then African Americans need to rethink their faith.

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