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May 22, 2013
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Allen Barra on the Curious Case of Thomas SowellPosted on Mar 26, 2010
By Allen Barra (Page 3) A more serious distortion of the historical record is Sowell’s condemnation of intellectuals before the Second World War. “Intellectuals played a major role in creating the atmosphere of both military weakness and political irresolution within democratic nations, which made a war against those nations looks winnable to the leaders of the Axis dictatorships. In addition to thus helping bring on the most devastating war in human history, intellectuals so impeded the buildup and modernizing of military forces in democratic nations in the years building up to that war ... that this ensured that American and British armed forces would often be outgunned in battle. ...” Here, as often in “Intellectuals and Society,” Sowell states a partial truth—a great many American and British intellectuals did oppose a buildup of war material—and inflates it into a lie. Was it merely intellectuals who opposed upgrading equipment for the U.S. Army and Navy and supplying enemies of the Axis such as Britain and China with planes and ships, or was it also isolationists? Certainly, there were isolationists in both political parties, but how can anyone doubt their strength and number among Republicans and conservatives who just plain loathed FDR and deplored such programs as Lend-Lease? In whose camp does Sowell place some of the most prominent isolationists and proponents of appeasement of that period such as Robert Taft, William Borah and Gerald Nye? Was Charles Lindbergh an “intellectual”? Does Sowell honestly believe that intellectuals, with their “steady drumbeat of pacifist anti-national defense efforts,” were solely responsible for the U.S. and Britain’s unpreparedness for war? And in a free society, isn’t it right that there should be at least some pacifists? (Would that there had been a “drumbeat of pacifist anti-national” efforts coming out of Germany in the 1930s.) Didn’t many intellectuals in fact oppose Francisco Franco long before the American right did? Sowell seems to be under the illusion that “the pervasive pacifism of that era” and its political consequences spread largely by intellectuals so demoralized the French populace that France’s ability to carry on a war against the Nazis was threatened. But as military historian John Mosier has shown in his book “The Blitzkrieg Myth,” the German victory was largely the result of superior organization and tactics, not poor French morale. (So valiant was the French army, as Mosier points out, that in less than six weeks in May and June of 1940 more than 100,000 French military personnel were killed.) “In short,” writes Sowell, “patriotism and national honor cannot be reduced to simple psychological quirks, to which intellectuals can consider themselves superior, without risking dire consequences, of which France in 1940 was a classic example.” It’s a thesis that Sowell applies indiscriminately to the “intelligentsia” of the eras of Vietnam and the Iraq war as well. He fails to tell us how a democracy can ever be as patriotic as a dictatorship; failure of unity is seen as a failure of morale, and patriotism is interpreted as adherence to a political creed rather than to love of country. A tonic for this view was offered many years ago by Mark Twain, who told us, “Patriotism is supporting your country all the time, and your government when it deserves it.” How deserving of support was Karl Rove when he insisted that the war in Iraq be seen as “a Republican war”? In the dreary tradition of much neoconservative writing, Sowell refights the Vietnam and Iraq conflicts, offering us every explanation for what went wrong in Vietnam but failing to provide a valid explanation as to why we should have committed our strength there. Likewise the Republicans’ war in Iraq, where he maintains that the troop surge worked, while avoiding the question of why we were there in the first place. In short, “Intellectuals and Society” is a compendium of themes that should be familiar to readers of Sowell’s previous books. Sowell-mates will immediately recognize the terms constrained and tragic vision. Vision of the anointed (i.e., do-gooding liberals) is used at least 50 times. Elite—by which Sowell means snobbish rather than Webster’s definition as “a group selected or regarded as the finest, best, most distinguished”—clocks in at at least 24. The phrase verbal virtuosity, which seems to mean arguments by liberals whom Sowell wishes to dismiss, is used a minimum of 30 times. (I don’t have precise figures on any of these because I didn’t starting counting till around Page 30.) Intelligentsia is used like a Texas truck driver uses hot sauce; I counted at least 220. The effect of such rapid-fire repetition of buzzwords is numbing, and so too is Sowell’s reliance here, as in other books, on economist Frederick Hayek. But it’s about time that Sowell was called to account on this. He claims—rightly, I think—that Hayek’s writings, especially his 1944 classic “The Road to Serfdom,” “began an intellectual counter-revolution” and quotes him even more often than he does Paul Johnson. But a rereading of “The Road to Serfdom” proves that it is far from the blanket indictment of the left that Sowell and others have interpreted it as being. (If it was, it wouldn’t have been a favorite of that unapologetic socialist George Orwell.) In a neglected passage, Hayek writes, “Conservatism, though a necessary element in any stable society, is not a social program; in its paternalistic, nationalistic, and power-adoring tendencies it is often closer to socialism than true liberalism; and with its traditionalistic, anti-intellectual and often mystical propensities it will never, except in short periods of disillusionment, appeal to the young and all those others who believe that some changes are desirable if this world is to become a better place. A conservative movement, by its very nature, is bound to be a defender of established privileged and to lean on the power of government for the protection of privilege.” Sowell fails to reflect such insights because he seems to be blind to the intellectual in himself. With all due respect to Thomas Sowell (and my Aunt Louise), I think we should all defer to Albert Camus’ definition of intellectual: “Someone with a mind that watches itself.”
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By samosamo, April 1, 2010 at 3:56 pm Link to this comment
Well, sowell putting milton turdbutt friedman on a pedestal just
cost him an equal amount of credibility to me as if he had
expressed the same for john yoo.
While either one may be considered of being ‘intellectual’, that
content of intellectualness for ‘good’ is highly in doubt as
something more self serving for what is really criminal or leads
to a criminality, as in milton the monster’s ‘perfect’
economics(now proven NOT to work for the good of all but the
few who will make up the rules as it goes); or yoo’s vastly
inhumane treatment of others for what in my opinion is for the
sheer unfounded paranoia or trumped up suspicions of people.
And I have been under the belief that intellectual thinking can
just as easily come from acting criminally because it does take a
good bit of intelligence to not just commit a crime but get away
with it and to get away with it by framing someone else.
But I have noticed of what I have read of sowell is that he is in
Report thisthe same ‘tree’ as milton the monster and john the torturer.
By Zack, March 30, 2010 at 11:14 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Mr. Anarcissie,
Barra can claim that Sowell is thinking of leftist without much difficulty, I agree
that he does do this… Barra is right to say that Sowell largely disagrees with
leftists.
But that’s a separate matter when we talk about Sowell’s definition of the term:
“an intellectual is the dealer in ideas. ... An intellectual’s work begins and ends
with ideas” irrespective of their politics.
Barra ignores Sowell’s definition: “not once in 317 pages of text does he indict
any right-wing thinker as an intellectual.” Friedman, Hayek, Malthus, and
others (from ‘the right’) meet the Sowellian definition of “intellectual.”
Barra accepts this definition and rejects it when it’s convenient to claim that
Report thisonly people from ‘the ‘left’ are indicted. It’s a genius ways of making a point
without using rigorous logic.
By Anarcissie, March 30, 2010 at 10:42 am Link to this comment
Right. They’re “atypical”, in fact, “very atypical”, so the normal intellectual, for Sowell, is exactly as Barra says, a “leftist thinker”.
Now, why would you post something as silly as you did? Possibly you’ve been reading too much Sowell. A steady diet of B-level propaganda is not good for the mind.
Report thisBy Zack, March 29, 2010 at 10:30 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
“by the word intellectual Sowell means “leftist thinker”—not once in 317 pages
of text does he indict any right-wing thinker as an intellectual”
Not true. He calls Milton Friedman an “intellectual giant” and “very atypical of
the intellectuals of his time.” He applied the same language to Solzhenitsyn
and others.
“Sowell, like Archie Bunker, laments that we could use a man like Herbert
Hoover again”
Really? Read the book (p. 72) for Sowell’s criticisms of Hoover, not the least of
which are Smoot-Hawley, increased tax rates, price intervention… &c. Read the
damn thing and you’ll see what Sowell thinks. If you do, you’ll see that Sowell is
criticizing Obama for playing the blame game on Bush when he is merely
continuing Bush’s policies as FDR continued Hoover while he allowed, by
silence, the intelligentsia to go on blaming Hoover for all of his problems.
That’s the parallel, read the work.
“Last year’s economic crisis is not even discussed by Sowell, possibly because it
occurred after his manuscript was completed”
Your article was printed on the 26th, some 10 days after Sowell’s latest book,
Report thisHousing Boom and Bust 2nd Ed., came out, detailing the last couple of months
of 2009. If you expect the man to be superman, then I guess any criticism
could be lain.
By Closeted Intellectual, March 29, 2010 at 1:30 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
I second the motion that Thomas Sowell is a living, breathing joke factory. I’ve never read one of his columns without being taken aback at his evidence (sic), assertions, or conclusions.
Maybe the greatest of his intellectual crimes was during the California Electricity Manipulation and Price Hike Marathon of ‘00-‘01. His solution: “Pay your bills, you deadbeats! This is the free market, not a day care center.” (I’m paraphrasing, of course.)
The passing of Studs Terkel and Howard Zinn were dark days, but I’m gonna throw a block party when this guy gets called home to Friedman.
Report thisBy Anarcissie, March 29, 2010 at 8:29 am Link to this comment
I find it difficult to understand why Sowell is taken seriously, even by people of his own ideological camp.
Report thisBy Ralph Kramden, March 29, 2010 at 12:40 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Exactly when did the Right repudiate Franco? Or Pinochet for that matter? Or Somoza? Or the Shah?
Report thisWhat Sowell is actually doing is trying to place Milton Friedman as the champion of liberty. Hayek was Friedman’s guru. Those who read and criticize are dangerous to someone who knows what is best for all of us. Keep in mind that Friedman’s version of economics has NEVER been enacted democratically.
Why worry about such a discredited institution as the Hoover Institute? I might as well claim I am a senior fellow at the Torquemada Institute, or the Dick Cheney Institute.
By camnai, March 27, 2010 at 9:45 pm Link to this comment
A bit off the topic, but…I live in a big city (not in the U.S.) so I don’t own a gun; if
Report thisI lived on a farm I’d probably have two or three. I would like to ask what the
difference is between a ‘proud gun owner’, as Mr Barra proclaims himself to be,
and someone who just owns a gun. Is he a proud car or toothbrush owner, too?
Does he take pride in his marksmanship? In having the money to buy a gun?In
being more dangerous when he’s holding one than someone who isn’t? In being
lucky enough to have been born in a land won by people with more and better
guns than the people who’d had it before?
By Night-Gaunt, March 26, 2010 at 4:44 pm Link to this comment
Thomas Sowell the anti-intellectual’s intellectual. Quite a position he has. He isn’t alone for we see them and hear them on TV and radio all of the time. A regular din of sound that could immure one to what is actually being said and the implications of if they are allowed to be implemented. Usually the mindless listeners fasten their minds onto the catch phrases and lines of thought and repeat verbatim, regular ditto references. I can recognize when they are used because I listen to enough of it to know what they are saying and wanting to do. Fore warned is fore armed and luck favors the prepared.
Neurologists have found that a certain level of emotion can enhance the intellectual function of the brain. Anger however shuts down the higher centers and lets the R-complex (reptile) take the lead which gives us violence and hatred that feeds on itself and from others. Nature is balance and regular time taken to do inventory of own’s self is a good thing. Introspection could be done more often.
Dr. Sowell is in an intellectual rut because he is an ideologue. He has his audience and it keeps him working and with money. You know the old saying? “You control ideas but ideology controls you.”
Report thisBy marcus medler, March 26, 2010 at 2:38 pm Link to this comment
I fear Sowell has become an old record. Many a
Report thisone book thinker, for job security, keep writing
the same idea over and over. Thor Heyerdahl of
Kon Tiki fame was once asked why he persisted
in his wrong idea about pacific island settlement
(from south america). He stated that; “You must
understand, I have my audience”.
By gerard, March 26, 2010 at 12:44 pm Link to this comment
As a wielder of words, it’s books like this that set my teeth on edge. “Intelligence versus emotion,”
“Intellectualism versus emotionalism,” “Thinking versus feeling.” Bad versus good. Simple dichotomies which sound educated but are really empty abstractions that tend to mean all things to all people, change color, and dry up like raindrops in the sun.
Juxtaposed as “opposites”, they ask us to “take your choice,” either one or the other, whereas the reality is that they really cannot be separated except by the code called language, which attempts to separate things that are related and pull them out of the mush of experience in order to try to “understand” what they are, use them for often dubious purposes, and walk away from them whenever they puncture our egos.
Using words like this gives one the feeling that h/she is “in control,” or “knows the answers.”
The tendency is, when bombarded with abstractions like these, to either go to sleep, or to begin to believe them and those who wield them, instead of to consolidate one’s own experiences IN THE CONTEXT OF both mind and body—and spirit, whatever that is.
Yeah, and I suspect that even that is impossible.
Report thisBy Gordy, March 26, 2010 at 11:05 am Link to this comment
Ready for President Palin?
Report thisBy Mr. Wonderful, March 26, 2010 at 10:49 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Nice review, but you give Sowell too much credit—or, rather, you misconstrue what he does. He’s not a “philosopher” and he’s barely an intellectual.
He’s a propagandist. His goal is never to conduct a fair-minded (if subjective) inquiry into what is true. It’s to promote the interests of his employers. His book (which I have not read) sounds like just another salvo in the right’s campaign to discredit intelligence, knowledge, experts, and, of course “the elite.”
The aim is to pander to Republican anti-intellectualism (which found its fullest embodiment in George W. Bush) and inoculate the masses against the very legitimacy of facts. Republicans need people to be ignorant. Sowell does his bit, writing a big book about how smart people are really stupid and thus, by extension, stupid people are really smart.
Report thisBy DasBoot, March 26, 2010 at 8:19 am Link to this comment
Thank you for this wonderful review.
I would like to add another, more historic definition: Intellectuals are thinkers who consider themselves the vanguard of progress. In the early twentieth century, most thought socialism to be “the future that works.” In the 1950s and 1960s, it was liberalism. In the last three decades, we saw neo-conservatism (or neoliberalism, as it is called in Europe) picking up that torch.
Who were the people with the “great ideas” that would transform the world lately? Richard Perle, Paul Wolfowitz, Mark Stein, free market economists like Jeffrey Sachs, etc. Just think about all those thinkers who advocate war but never served in the military themselves. Don’t they fit Sowell’s definition?
On a more superficial level: Intellectuals are people who wear bow ties, and not as an ironic statement. It used to be the liberals. Now the only people with bow ties, it seems, are conservatives. Just an observation.
Report thisBy Gordy, March 26, 2010 at 7:35 am Link to this comment
Great definition from Camus at the end.
It is truly frightening that there are people who can
Report thiswrite out an entire book of their political and
philosophical thoughts without ever noticing its
glaring errors, self-deceits and inconsistencies.
One might like to entertain the notion that many
ideologue nutters would achieve a greater level of
perspective were they tasked with the full and lucid
articulation of their worldview on paper - but
apparently, no, it ain’t necessarily so. They seem
to cling to their dogmas as though for their very
survival, as if criticism is merely a wind to brace
oneself against.