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May 23, 2013
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Buddhists at WarPosted on Oct 8, 2010
(Page 2) Other essays in Buddhist Warfare are equally troubling. Stephen Jenkins describes an early Mahayana text that justifies “compassionate torture” as burning of the remnants of the victim’s past sins. Derek Maher describes the fifth Dalai Lama attributing the status of a Buddhisattva to his Moghul patron Gushri Khan, a war Lord who “realised emptiness”. The problem highlighted throughout Buddhist Warfare is the long history of the misapplication and misappropriation of Buddhist principles such as “emptiness”. Buddhist Warfare essentially holds contemporary Buddhist authors and scholars to account and demands that they interrogate these central principles in order to understand and prevent their misuse. Dale S. Wright’s The Six Perfections could be seen as occupying Faure’s “high metaphysical or moral ground”. Wright’s book sets out a detailed method for cultivating the six virtues central to the Bodhisattva way of life: generosity, tolerance, morality, energy, meditation and wisdom. Each virtue is assigned its own chapter in an eloquent, earnest, almost pastoral way. Essentially, however, Wright reiterates mainstream Buddhist teaching and presumes that once the “wisdom of emptiness” is achieved, then it is impossible to enter into conflict, act violently or wage war. Wright does not see any potential for the notion of emptiness to be hijacked or possessed by power-seeking, destructive forces. Instead, he presents the concept in terms of “interdependency”. He affirms emptiness as the idea that nothing stands alone, nothing controls its “own being”, nothing is self-established or permanent. To be empty is to be wholly contingent, wholly dependent on external factors. It is to have no core or identity of your own. It is to know that you “depend in the most fundamental sense on other things”.
Buddhist Warfare
By Michael Jerryson (Editor), Mark Juergensmeyer (Editor)
Oxford University Press, 272 pages
The Six Perfections: Buddhism and the Cultivation of Character
By Dale Wright
Oxford University Press, 304 pages
At first, emptiness appears to be a warm, communal principle of openness and shared need, but Wright also presents it as entailing a strong awareness of finitude. He argues that emptiness is the indisputable reality we find if we are ever brave enough to face up to what is really there. One of the six perfections outlined in Wright’s book is the perfection of tolerance. He defines tolerance as being “without fear”. Emptiness, he argues, is the reality we are all running away from: only when we “face the emptiness of all things”, ourselves included, without being frightened to the point of turning back, will we begin to be perfected. Emptiness, therefore, is not emotionally neutral – we will experience it as desolation, even horror. How can identification with “the void”, with that which we most fear, make us more peaceful? Wright’s conviction is that if we can tolerate emptiness, we can tolerate anything, nothing will cause us to retaliate. He argues that if we identify with what we most fear, then we have nothing outside to fear. Therefore we cease to define or assert ourselves against anything. We are essentially pacified. Wright sees the denial of emptiness as the root of all violence. Conflict is born of ignorance of the emptiness of our true nature. Unfortunately, as we have seen, we have the evidence of Takuan against Wright. Takuan clearly identifies with emptiness, but he is not pacified. His identification with emptiness allows him access to superhuman martial prowess. In his sword, emptiness acts like lightning. We have seen that emptiness is not always understood as a peaceful communal state of mutual interdependency, but it can manifest itself as pure will-to-power. Wright’s analysis in juxtaposition to Takuan seems naive. He presumes that once emptiness is truly acknowledged, all power relationships fall away. There is no oppression. He does not seem fully aware that, in Suzuki’s text, for instance, emptiness itself is sometimes portrayed as cruel and blind as Nature. The Six Perfections is at its best an insightful, psychologically astute narrative of Eastern-influenced literary introspection. But its analysis of emptiness does not address the overwhelming historical evidence of human evil set out in Buddhist Warfare. Wright’s ethics could be criticized for severely underestimating the depth and tenacity of human sin, our death instinct, if you like, our tendency to destroy everything that is both for and against us. Wright also chronically overestimates the curative value of identifying with “interdependency”. This overestimation is so stubborn that it leads him to cut himself away from the greatest resource he has: traditional Mahayana. In traditional Mahayana, the idea of “interdependency”, or emptiness, is always moderated by that of karma, the principle that good always leads to good and bad to bad. Wright argues that contemporary Buddhism has no need for such an antiquated principle of systematic cosmic justice. He argues that the world view of modern physics excludes the possibility of karma. Wright’s essential ethical teaching, then, his cure of all evil, is that we must all identify with a concept of “interdependency” without justice. Buddhist Warfare illustrates that emptiness can be anomalous – in traditional Buddhism, as in Wright’s reading, it is seen as emptying out aggression. However, Suzuki compared emptiness to the unconscious and, since Freud, the unconscious has been seen as the origin of evil. Wright ignores this tension. Underlying Wright’s ethics is the presumption that emptiness is essentially compassion. The Dalai Lama has said something similar: “We have no absolutes in Buddhism, except compassion”. But Buddhist Warfare raises the question whether identification with emptiness can always be trusted to lead to generosity, tolerance, morality, energy, meditation and wisdom. Although the tone of The Six Perfections is always uplifting and edifying, overall the ethical system Wright is presenting does not fully acknowledge its reliance on certain unspoken axioms, and the abandonment of the principle of karma has many negative implications that are not properly scrutinized. Mahayana Buddhism is centred on paradox and the union of opposites: the precursor of Mahayana, Nagarjuna, stated that the world of suffering (Samsara) is Nirvana. But if all opposites are combined and the clear demarcation of good and evil in karmic theory is abandoned, then how, ultimately, can we discern the difference between Wright’s central aim of identification with emptiness and the fate of the sage Vakkali? Katherine Wharton researches and coordinates interreligious dialogues for the Church of England. She completed her doctoral thesis, “Philosophy as a Practice of Freedom in Ancient India and Ancient Greece,” at the School of Oriental and African Studies in 2008, and has offered courses on Hindu and Buddhist philosophy for Birkbeck College, London. She is organizing a conference between Hindu and Christian leaders in Bangalore, India.
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By Capt rick, December 14, 2010 at 6:12 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
I am shocked!! there is gambling going on here.!!!!!!!!!!
Report thisBy weelpah, November 12, 2010 at 3:49 am Link to this comment
Violence is strictly a social phenomena. Its important not to blame buddhism, or any religion for that matter, when it describes the uncomfortable truths of society. No matter the content of ones religion, it will always serve as a moral cohesion. And cohesion is necessary to fulfill militaristic and, otherwise political, aims too. After all, who do you thinks writin’ this shit?
Report thisBy Jack Kolsky, November 4, 2010 at 10:31 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Katherine ,
You do not have slightest clue about Zen and and connection to Sword
and samurai ethics.Often Sword was used as defence of those who need
protection.Buddhist monks often practice martial arts as way of protecting
themselves and Temples.
Yours limited knowledge and perverted views are embarrassing.
Jack
Report thisBy Dr. O. P. Sudrania, October 18, 2010 at 3:02 am Link to this comment
@Joe
The Afghanistan, Pakistan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand & etc were all so called Hindu states and later partly converted to Buddhism during and after the reign of King Ashoka the Great. Following his gory battle at “Kalinga” (Orrissa state today in India) King Ashoka was so moved that he denounced everything and Lord Buddha was just spreading his gospel. He somehow got attracted to him and thenafter he himself became his disciple and took his shelter to help spread his gospel.
Report thisGod bless
Dr. O. P. Sudrania
By Joe, October 16, 2010 at 7:32 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
There is no question that all religions have wackos, nuts and hate mongers. But Buddhism seem to have the fewest.
I was told Afghanisatan, Pakistan, Malaysia all were buddhist countries that were converted to Islam.
Report thisBy Misoc, October 13, 2010 at 8:18 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Never judge a religion by its practitioners.
Report thisBy Bill Jacobus, October 13, 2010 at 7:33 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
“Perform only helpful, wholesome acts,
Report thisavoid hurtful, unwholesome acts,
and purify your mind.
This is the teaching of all the buddhas.”
-Siddhartha Gotama
By Wongmo, October 12, 2010 at 9:22 pm Link to this comment
If one has true understanding of emptiness, the test is to see if one’s
compassion towards others, love, and joy increases. If it does not, then the
supposed understanding, experience, or “realization” of emptiness must be
critically examined.
A critical element of emptiness is compassion, the wish and action that others
be free from suffering and the causes of suffering. Emptiness and compassion
are like two wings of a bird. If you only practice emptiness, it can lead to a
nihilistic view that nothing exists. This is not correct understanding.
Karma is not as simple as your physical actions. It is related to your thinking
and intention primarily which in turn leads to your speech and actions. Positive
thinking: renunciation, compassion, faith, love, and wisdom create positive
karma which results in happiness. Negative thinking: anger, jealousy, greed,
pride, and ignorance creates negative karma and leads to suffering. Your
thinking is your cause. All beings’ thinking and karma is condition. This is
interdependence.
If you do not understand the importance of your thinking and karma, there is
no reason to look to emptiness first. If you do not understand the principles of
the Buddha’s teaching, it is easy to misinterpret the words and the meaning.
Therefore, if you are truly interested in learning authentic Dharma, it is critical
to have a qualified Dharma teacher who is well versed in the teachings.
Otherwise, you will read “all phenomena is emptiness” as being nothing, so why
not kill people? However, if you understand thinking, cause and effect,
interdependence, and the precepts, you will not be led on the wrong path.
The key element of Mahayana Buddhism is what is called Bodhicitta. It is
translated as the Intention of Enlightened Wisdom. This is the wish that all
beings be free from all suffering and have true happiness forever. If you have
this wish, you will never engage in acts of violence out of anger.
May you always have happiness and the causes of happiness. May whoever
Report thisreads this book be free from all suffering and realize the stainless bliss of
awakening. Namo Buddhaya
By Julian Dorje, October 12, 2010 at 1:52 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
READ THIS PLEASE.
First off, it is very clear that Ms. Wharton does not understand what emptiness
is. One can hardly blame her, given the complex and intellectually challenging
nature of the subject. Some people spend many years trying, and only begin to
scratch the surface on a cerebral level, let alone have experiences with it. When
someone does have experiences with it, it is unmistakable in the same way that
one knows for sure when one has an orgasm. It is not something that one
“identifies” with.
This is extremely important, because while studying emptiness one is warned
against the very view that Wharton seems to be grafting onto Buddhist thought
— specifically, a nihilistic notion that because nothing exists, one can run about
the country stealing and killing and raping. This is called the Rudra view, after a
very famous fable, and it means that if you exhibit that behavior, you haven’t
understood, experienced, or realized emptiness.
So to rest one’s accusations on the conclusion that “[T]his is an application of
the central Buddhist teaching of no-self that sees no evil in killing” is simply
unconscionable. Furthermore, it is demonstrably wrong.
It is clear that Ms. Wharton [and possibly the authors and editors of the volume]
is either way out of her depth or is so eager to make a point that she ignores
this context. Reading this, it may not sound like a huge distinction, but it is.
Buddhists know how badly emptiness can be misunderstood. That is why it is
not generally presented to an audience that has not demonstrated that they can
responsibly hear it.
Second, Mr. Faure goes about trying to exact from contemporary Buddhists
some kind of recognition of inherent violence within the Buddhist tradition. He
speaks with the self-assurance of a schoolmarm on “the violence that lies at
the heart of reality (and of each individual)”. Well, to guide one’s research
toward a conclusion like that is not only unscientific but also blind to the
assumptions on which it rests. Not everyone is violent. And “reality”, whatever
that is, can’t be construed to be such either. But, Thomas Hobbes is so chic
these days. This is part of the treachery of Western fantasies that hold
Buddhism as somehow detached from the imperatives and responsibilities that
leaders have in running a state, including (sometimes) war. Would sane
Christians want their faith to be measured against Cardinal Richelieu or Donald
Rumsfeld? They might have said some holy words, but it is doubtful that they
understood them.
Now, there is a lot within this article that specifically calls out Japanese
Buddhism and Zen. Since I have no experience with Zen, I will not make a
comment. But if those authors manhandle Buddhist ideas like the ones that
have been mentioned, I’m not optimistic of any sort of responsible or fair
treatment of the subject.
I will say that quoting a sutra, such as the Heap of Jewels sutra, without giving
any sort of context is a pretty direct path to misunderstanding. Many of the
sutras rely on context& a detailed explanation to be understood.
Wright’s book seems to have the gist right. He SEEMS to because one cannot tell
what he’s actually saying through Wharton’s interpretation. Gross
misunderstanding of emptiness aside, she forces Wright’s views toward her
thesis with shocking self-indulgence. Important corrections should be that
every teacher I’ve had warns people on describing emptiness as a void. It isn’t.
Also, thinking doesn’t stop. And one doesn’t experience emptiness in horror or
desolation. This is total balderdash. And her logic tying Takuan and Suzuki to
Wright’s Six Perfections and then to Freud (?!) is just peculiar.
Buddhism certainly has skeletons, but I’m a lot less worried about those than I
am about sophists interpreting Buddhism’s deepest and most complex ideas for
the masses.
Wharton as a scholar should know better.
Report thisBy Jesse Mulert, October 11, 2010 at 11:04 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
What a very serious, very unreadable comment thread.
Report thisBy Peter Knopfler, October 10, 2010 at 1:59 pm Link to this comment
All religions have Romanced violence, many different
Report thisversions of the same can kill, sunni shiia, catholics
and protestants..etc. as someone once said History is
a nightmare I have yet to wake from..James Joyce
Sparta and Athens, Samuri of Japan, Kung Fu of
China, Karate, defense vs offense, like night and
day,is violence natural as nature has suggested.
Reaching bind for the dark, I see, that I too have
Romanced violence for 30 years or more. So are we
born in anger or fearfull that turns into anger,
stopped driving to end road rage, stopped eating meat
for non-violence, stopped martial arts, steady
balance of stress, daily exercise, good food but the
violent dreams never seize or seem to have know end,
What is it in Humanity, only the survival instinct,
the warrior tribes beleive in suicide as a way out,
ALL of it feels wrong,even when slapped in the face
with reality of violence.
By spaghetti happens, October 10, 2010 at 12:54 pm Link to this comment
One can identify oneself with the lightning or the wind if one can be truly empty “like the water that reflects the sky.” No Buddhists whom I know, and doubtless most whom I don’t, have ever reached that plane of being. The lightning has no mind to split the tree, nor does the wind to blow it over; they just do it because they are natural forces with no intelligence. What I’m hearing from these justifications for violence sounds more like simple human arrogance than anything else. I suspect the Buddha would be appalled.
Report thisBy cldcrane, October 10, 2010 at 9:48 am Link to this comment
Vilifying anything you don’t understand is the temperament of the day. It was only a matter of time
and opportunity before this ignorance was directed
towards Buddhism.
“Once you reach enlightenment, you’ll realize you did
Report thisnot need it.”
By OSJ, October 10, 2010 at 6:32 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
This is more piffle from Buddhist Scholars Inc. who seem to have this messianic
urge to save the world from the “stupid Buddhists” in the West that don’t
understand _real Buddhism_ like _they_ do. Donald Lopez is the king of this,
Gregory Schopen is another. Imbued with a superiority complex, they deign to
save us, to erase the ignorance of we mere practicing Buddhists who don’t dig
into the texts to know the real _truth_. “BUDDHISTS KILL TOO, YOU NAIVE NEW
AGE FOOLS!”
“Buddhist Warfare essentially holds contemporary Buddhist authors and
scholars to account and demands that they interrogate these central
principles”....
Central principles? You mean like the precepts? The ones that speak
specifically, directly to to non-killing as a foundation of all Buddhist practice?
No metaphor, no need to warp that teaching for one’s own desired ends. That,
if anything, is a CENTRAL principle…. not the bastardization of emtiness theory
to justify torture and murder.
Grow up, scholars. We understand killing can be done in anyone’s name, and
that any teaching can be warped to justify virtually anything. Bottom line: it is
only through extreme perversion of the abstract, and the complete ignoring of
the basic core principles of Buddhism, that people can turn the Buddha’s
teachings into justification for such violence. The blame is on people, not
Buddhism. Trying to read this situation otherwise just reeks of the “academic
savior” complex.
We don’t need these fools to “save us” from our “ignorant misreadings” of
Report thisBuddhism.
By Ouroborus, October 10, 2010 at 4:03 am Link to this comment
the buffalo is in the rice paddy
Report thisthe jumpy has flowers, sweet
my friends husband has died
today was so hot
the burning is tomorrow
By bodhidharma, October 9, 2010 at 9:10 pm Link to this comment
Zen Buddhists say:
Report thisIf you meet the Buddha on the road, kill him!
This does not refer to physical violence. It means if you find the buddha anywhere other than inside yourself, you are still living in duality, and it is the ego-center that must be slain. One of the CENTRAL tennants of Buddhiosm is ahimsa, or non-violence. The two most important aspects of Buddhism are the development of equanimity and compassion. In fact, the very development of buddhism was an act of compassion, since the Buddha saw so much suffering in the world, and wanted to do something about it. Buddhism as it passed through various cultures was influenced by those cultures, which took away from the original purity. But anyone who advocates violence IS NOT A TRUE BUDDHIST, for he is violating the core principles of Buddhism.
By Dr. O. P. Sudrania, October 9, 2010 at 10:25 am Link to this comment
There are those who think that the world exists and that the world is real. There are others who think that the world does not exist and that the world is not real. Rare indeed is that blessed one who does not think, but who is ever calm, abiding in the absolute.
By Sage Astavakra on the science of “Self Realisation” as taught to King Janaka.
God bless
Dr. O. P. Sudrania
Report thisBy Darwinian Buddhist, October 9, 2010 at 9:26 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
As another commentator says, I’m shocked! shocked! to discover that
cantankerous social primates like us can be violent, whatever the professed
belief system. Really amazing, huh? It seems difficult to deny that all belief
systems are corruptible. (It would be interesting to read a collection of essays
entitled “Anglican Warfare,” for example.)
Some Buddhists, it is very true, deny this. So do some Christians, Jews, Muslims,
Hindus, Pagans, and on and on. Atheists, too (consider the case of Mr.
Christopher Hitchens, for example). And we have lots of books on the violence
perpetrated by the adherents of all of these views. So I suppose the book does a
service.
For myself and the Buddhists that I know, it is largely breaking down an open
door. Politics always involves violence, whether inflicted or threatened. It did so
in pre-modern times (e.g., Takuan), and it does so in the modern era, with its
evil (and inevitable) twins, the modern nation-state and nationalism, whether in
Sri Lanka or Japan, or in its “Onward Christian Soldiers” version. The exceptions
of Gandhi, ML King, and the current Dalai Lama are deeply exceptional. And
laudable, of course.
Some of the author’s other comments seem, well, pretty Christian. I suppose
“sin” could be a metaphor for our primate social aggression. But, as Richard
Rorty might have said, “Why do you talk like that?” The metaphor, “sin”, carries
very heavy freight, and American and European literature is replete with the
destructive consequences of the guilt often inculcated by resort to this
metaphor. We are mutant chimps (well, OK, we evolved from a common
ancestor)—and are just as violent as they are—UNLESS we are a) very lucky in
the situations in which we find ourselves, and b) practice very, very hard. (On the
latter, see the great book by Claude Anshin Thomas, “At Hell’s Gate,” for
example.)
The author’s last paragraph on Nagarjuna seems flawed. Whatever “nirvana” may
have meant in other cultures and circumstances, for people like me, the most
useful notion seems to be that “nirvana is samsara viewed differently.” That is,
as a psychological practice, Buddhist practice may be, among other things,
seeing cause-and-effect relationships everywhere and recognizing that “we” (or,
if you prefer Daniel Dennett’s formulation, our “centers of narrative gravity”) are
constructed, contingent, and ephemeral. I can’t understand how anyone even
vaguely familiar with modern neuro-science could think anything else. You could
say, if you prefer, that our personalities, our lives, our selves are Empty—of any
fixed, unchanging, non-contingent Essence. As some other comments suggest,
this is a very powerful practice. That it can be abused, is, as I say, shocking!
shocking!
Author might have mentioned that, in many formulations, Buddhist practice has
TWO dimensions (often called, “the two wings of the bird”): wisdom (especially,
understanding of no-separate-Self and Emptiness), AND compassion. There is
always a danger of an “overdeveloped wing,” respectively: the kind of abuse of
Emptiness of Takuan etc. on the one hand—and what is sometimes called “idiot
compassion” on the other. We need both. And most Buddhist practice (like the
practices of most Jews, Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Atheists, Pagans, etc.) are
designed to cultivate both. And practice, for primates-like-us, never ends. We
just keep trying.
For many of us, the attraction of (some forms) of Buddhist practice is that 1) it
Report thisdoes not necessitate embracing beliefs wildly at variance with modern science,
2) it offers concrete psychological benefits by training in awareness,
concentration, and compassion, and 3) it draws on a rich, varied, hugely
complex tradition of some 2400 years.
By RayLan, October 9, 2010 at 3:41 am Link to this comment
Buddhism is not a religion per se, since it doesn’t promote worship of a deity. It is a mystical path - non-rational - as soon as it becomes institutional and religious - it goes toxic -as do all the world religions, none of which have a clean record on violence - certainly not the Judao-Christian
Report thisBy Laura Mitchell, October 9, 2010 at 1:59 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
This is a bit like condemning all of Christianity everywhere because of the Crusades.
Report thisMuch of the violence described in this article is clearly metaphorical. Also, to quote Chris Crocker, “Leave Dale Wright alone!” Seriously, of all the Buddhist scholars why pick on him? It seems a bit disingenuous to use one historical example (Takuan) to refute an entire body of work the author herself describes as “always uplifting and edifying” and “an insightful, psychologically astute narrative of Eastern-influenced literary introspection.” The contents of his chapter on Morality aren’t even mentioned in this criticism. Surely there is something related to controlling the impulse to evil there. Why ignore that?
By Non-Compassionate Liberal, October 9, 2010 at 1:01 am Link to this comment
The only true “Buddhist” is a Buddhist Fundamentalist, i.e., what Buddha or any one of us grasps at the moment of enlightenment. The stuff that comes afterwards, 4-fold paths and 8-fold truths (or vice versa, whatever) is added BS. There is no absolute morality, no good nor evil. As light can only be known because it contrasts with darkness, so existence can only be known by its contrast with non-existence. But since we can’t contemplate “non-existence,” and existence depends on it, the “emptiness” (non-existence) that is referred to is the fleeting Now. So the Dalai Lama says, “We have no absolutes in Buddhism, except compassion.” That’s fine, except he was APPOINTED as THE Buddhist. He might not truly know what some of us “true” Buddhists know. There is no dogma. Words aren’t truth—they’re distractions, but I think the closest that words can bring you to the ultimate reality are the words that title Alan Watts’ essay-collection: This Is It
Report thisBy Anon, October 8, 2010 at 9:33 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Oof. This characterization of Daoism is deeply ethnocentric. Daoism is a complicated, ancient religion, and taking a few quotes out of context betrays an ignorance disturbing for someone who coordinates “interreligious dialogue.” It reminds me of ancient Romans who viewed Christianity as death worship. I’ve typically found truthdig to be better than this.
Report thisBy Hammond Eggs, October 8, 2010 at 8:55 pm Link to this comment
Are we supposed to be surprised by this? Any philosophy or doctrine can be perverted.
Report thisBy hans, October 8, 2010 at 8:51 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
One shouldn’t critique something one doesn’t know anything about. A zen student knows that there is no substantial self. In fact nothing exists in isolation, everything is interdependent.When this is thoroughly realized there is compassion,not hatred and violence. Killing buddha, or this and that refers to emptying the mind of all concepts,even the concepts of buddhism.The Bhagavad Gita is full of apparent violence,but is it really a violent teaching? Of course all isms and religions can get twisted,but buddhism is not on top of the list.
Report thisBy Topgallant, October 8, 2010 at 7:26 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
While I appreciate Ms. Wharton’s review and while I have not read the books
Report thisunder scrutiny, I must question her idea of “Takuan’s militarism.” Takuan Soho
was a Zen Buddhist abbot in Kyoto. He wrote a book called The Miracle of
Unmovable Wisdom and was an advisor to Yagyu Munenori, sword master to
the early Tokugawa Shogunate. The book is not about militarism, it is about
sword fighting and the relationship between the samurai way of the sword and
the path to self-realization. That’s what they did in those days. Samurai trained
in weaponry. Since the samurai were the educated class and since educated
people tend to think about things like enlightenment, the correlation between
the sword and enlightenment would not be inappropriate. Today, we work and
have relationships. Charlotte Joko Beck in Everyday Zen talks about how we can
use what’s in our daily lives to achieve the same. Militarism implies a belief that
a government should maintain a strong military. Takuan Soho, on the other
hand, stresses the state of emptiness or elsewhereness in combat, a state no
different than that attained by successful professional athletes, writers and
performers who are able to suspend the self in order to let the inspiration
through. In closing, I feel that it must also be recalled that Takuan Soho also
invented the Takuan Pickle, the pickled daikon radish that can do wonders for
attaining a peaceful solution to intestinal disturbances.
By Devamitta, October 8, 2010 at 5:23 pm Link to this comment
First, I practice the buddha-dhammain the Theravada tradition, and though familiar with aspects of Mahayana, I tend to think the author is making sweeping generalizations about it.
Second, I don’t purport to be a great example of one on the Buddhist path, but I do my best.
Third, I am not unaware that Buddhists have killed and engaged in acts contrary to the teachings of the Buddha (one only need look at how the Tamils have been handled by some who claim to be Buddhist.
Having qualified my subsequent comments, let me say, the author of this article is dealing with some difficult subjects. Knowledge of emptiness is not an intellectual exercise, though this author seems to take that tact. It is experiental. Kamma too is not just if you do good, good will come, if you do bad, bad will come. The Buddha was not an idiot, and he chastizes more than one follower for either getting it wrong or for making it seem simple. This too is something seen in practice and is not an intellectual exercise.
Also, just as in all the major religions, there are teachings and there are the cultural developments, accretions, and institutionalizing so that what is called Christianity or Buddhism, etc, would probably shock Jesus or the Buddha if either was here to proved a corrective. In short, the sins of the sons don’t fall on the fathers.
I don know that as in any tradition handed down from one generation to the next, and also carried to new lands, that each culture makes with it what it wants. Though in Buddhism, the basic tenets seem to have stayed pretty uniform, even if the outward observances changed drastically from place to place.
My recollection of Manjushri carries a sword to cut through delusion, not to kill the Buddha.
Thus, I am not offering apologies, nor am I defending what I recognize as the shortcomings of anyone associated with a religion and not necessarily being the best example of that religion. What I am saying is that the author of this article, and not having read the book I cannot speak about its author, makes a bunch of spurious declamationa about subjects I feel she knows little about. The organization of the article too shows a kind of cafeteria approach to the subject without much substance.
Do some Buddhists kill? Yes, of course. Do some misinterpret the teachings and develop crazy sects? Of course, as in all religions.
Is Buddhism a religion? The jury is out on that one, and a definitive verdict will never be given.
Report thisBy phreedom, October 8, 2010 at 3:32 pm Link to this comment
Thank you Katherine,
Historical being, is it then?,, no such animal,
No, never that, only this now.
Human nature could be described in a lyric by Dave
Mathews, “between the lines I’ll pack more lines”.
History is fun, philosophical history even more fun,
and many forms of history can be a useful convention
as long it does not take a form that is mistaken for
the present, and certainly not a form which is relied
on to predict a future present.
History,,, philosophical, religious or otherwise
must not be simply an exercise in the worship of
linear time,, the evangelization of linear time
really, as is so often the case.
I think I will name my next dog, Buddha, so I can say
often, especially when Buddha is a puppy, “bad
Buddha, bad”.
Yipes,
Report thisRhuen Phreed
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By Gordy, October 8, 2010 at 3:08 pm Link to this comment
Buddhism is not Buddhist doctrine. Doctrine can never be absolute; words can always be twisted. Some doctrines unambiguously say ‘kill the infidel’ - I have never read any such thing in Buddhism.
Buddhism, like a mature adult, acknowledges that there is a time to kill. There is a time to kill. Can one say otherwise? I believe it requires distorted interpretation to conclude that Suzuki and Soho were saying that a Zen-man may kill freely unconstrained by morality. The thinking is that the Zen-man will naturally know when killing IS moral and when it is not. Zen ‘morality’ is not clunking and doctrinaire but it is absolutely moral nevertheless.
Report thisBy gerard, October 8, 2010 at 2:08 pm Link to this comment
No more can be said. No more need be said. Too much has already been said. The problem is words themselves, as opposed to no words, or non-words, or silent realization of “the ineffable”, the “unbear-able lightness of being” ... etc. As the wind says when it talks to the trees: Shhhhhhhh!
Report thisBy cheyennebode, October 8, 2010 at 1:46 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
BUDDHA SITS WITHIN QUIETS NAME….SHALLOWNESS CONS AFTER
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By still trying, October 8, 2010 at 1:44 pm Link to this comment
Those who seek to do evil always attempt to clothe themselves in the highest moral, philosophical, or religious ideals. By doing so they do not besmirch the truth in the slightest. The truth remains unstained by the vulgar abuse of the unenlightened. Buddhism is by no means unique in having been ill used by unworthy persons. There is no way to prevent lies being told. One can only hold strongly to the truth, and try to make it known.
Report thisBy Samson, October 8, 2010 at 1:43 pm Link to this comment
Seems like all major religions follow a similar path.
They begin with wisdom from a visionary.
But, at some point the religion becomes an institution. And even worse, at some point the religion becomes associated with the state.
Once you have Buddhist nations, or Christian nations, then you are forced to have religious backings for the wars of these nations. Unless the rulers of the nation were to listen to any of the original wisdom of the teacher and realize that perhaps a true Buddhist nation or a true Christian nation would be the nation to avoid warfare unless absolutely forced to defend itself. Like that’s ever going to happen. If Buddha had wanted to be a king, he would have never have left the palace.
Christianity has much the same. A history of Christian warfare in the name of the man who taught us to love our enemies like our brothers. And a history of religious thought and writings that somehow twist the notion of the man who taught peace on earth into justifications for the crusades and a millennium of Christian warfare since.
When Buddhism became an institution, when Buddhism became a part of the state, this concept of Buddhist warfare was certain to follow.
There seems to be a catch-22 here. If you are not the religion of the state, then you are at the mercy of other zealots who regard you as a heretic and thereby subject you to everything from the Inquisition to congressional hearings to burning at the stake.
But, if you are the religion of the state, then you become complicit in the crimes of the state. And suddenly, we are talking about warfare and brutal governments in the name of the enlightened one or in the name of the prince of peace.
Neither path seems to lead to a peaceful life. At least not on this earth.
Seems like the best this world seems to offer is to live in peace and to try to teach peace, but then just peacefully suffer the beatings and the murders and the thefts that occur when the popular mob that follows a different religion turns on you.
Or, are you willing to fight to defend your peaceful life? But is your life peaceful then? And the mob only seems to listen to violence and loot, so only violence can force the mob to adopt your ways. Which defeats the purpose of your peaceful ways if you are constantly forced to use violence to impose them on others.
At least not until the mob can be taught to be peaceful, which doesn’t seem to be happening in my lifetime.
To kindly remember Mr. Vonnegut ...... and so it goes.
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