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May 20, 2013
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Going Beyond the Tale of a Boy and His HorsePosted on Feb 29, 2012
By Adam Hochschild, TomDispatch Well in advance of the 2014 centennial of the beginning of “the war to end all wars,” the First World War is suddenly everywhere in our lives. Stephen Spielberg’s War Horse opened on 2,376 movie screens and has collected six Oscar nominations, while the hugely successful play it’s based on is still packing in the crowds in New York and a second production is being readied to tour the country. In addition, the must-watch TV soap opera of the last two months, Downton Abbey, has just concluded its season on an unexpected kiss. In seven episodes, its upstairs-downstairs world of forbidden love and dynastic troubles took American viewers from mid-war, 1916, beyond the Armistice, with the venerable Abbey itself turned into a convalescent hospital for wounded troops. Other dramas about the 1914-1918 war are on the way, among them an HBO-BBC miniseries based on Ford Madox Ford’s Parade’s End quartet of novels, and a TV adaptation of Sebastian Faulks’s novel Birdsong from an NBC-backed production company. In truth, there’s nothing new in this. Filmmakers and novelists have long been fascinated by the way the optimistic, sunlit, pre-1914 Europe of emperors in plumed helmets and hussars on parade so quickly turned into a mass slaughterhouse on an unprecedented scale. And there are good reasons to look at the First World War carefully and closely. After all, it was responsible for the deaths of some nine million soldiers and an even larger number of civilians. It helped ignite the Armenian genocide and the Russian Revolution, left large swaths of Europe in smoldering ruins, and remade the world for the worse in almost every conceivable way—above all, by laying the groundwork for a second and even more deadly, even more global war. There are good reasons as well for us to be particularly haunted by what happened in those war years to the country that figures in all four of these film and TV productions: Britain. In 1914, that nation was at the apex of glory, the unquestioned global superpower, ruling over the largest empire the world had ever seen. Four and a half years later its national debt had increased tenfold, more than 720,000 British soldiers were dead, and hundreds of thousands more seriously wounded, many of them missing arms, legs, eyes, genitals. The toll fell particularly heavily on the educated classes that supplied the young lieutenants and captains who led their troops out of the trenches and into murderous machine-gun fire. To give but a single stunning example, of the men who graduated from Oxford in 1913, 31% were killed. “Swept Away in a Red Blast of Hate” Yet curiously, for all the spectacle of boy and horse, thundering cavalry charges, muddy trenches, and wartime love and loss, the makers of War Horse, Downton Abbey and—I have no doubt—the similar productions we’ll soon be watching largely skip over the greatest moral drama of those years of conflict, one that continues to echo in our own time of costly and needless wars. They do so by leaving out part of the cast of characters of that moment. The First World War was not just a battle between rival armies, but also a powerful, if one-sided, battle between those who assumed the war was a noble crusade and those who thought it absolute madness. The war’s opponents went to jail in many countries. There were more than 500 conscientious objectors imprisoned in the United States in those years, for example, plus others jailed for speaking out against joining the conflict. Eugene V. Debs had known prison from his time as a railway union leader, but he spent far longer behind bars—more than two years—for urging American men to resist the draft. Convicted of sedition, he was still in his cell at the federal penitentiary in Atlanta in November 1920 when, long after the war ended, he received nearly a million votes as the Socialist candidate for President. One American protest against the war turned to tragedy when, in 1917, Oklahoma police arrested nearly 500 draft resisters—white, black, and Native American—taking part in what they called the Green Corn Rebellion against “a rich man’s war, poor man’s fight.” Three were killed and many injured.
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By gerard, March 3, 2012 at 11:17 am Link to this comment
Who remembers with me the impact of the horror reading Erich Remarque’s “All Quiet on the Western Front”? That did it for me for the rest of my life!
Report thisBy gerard, March 3, 2012 at 11:02 am Link to this comment
truedigger3: I suggest you send your comment in to Wikipedia and see if it will pass muster with their researchers and be incorporated in the Wiki article I was quoting. (My personal opinion is that the real cause of all wars is stupidity, but nobody wants to admit that because wars stimulate the production of billions of dollars worth of weaponry and stupid people don’t think twice about making money out of killing people.)
bernhiem: I think you overstate the case regarding humanity’s lack of ability to benefit from accumulated knowledge, and relating that to Manning and Assange. It is precisely because the government fears that American people (and indeed, people worldwide) DO have “the ability to benefit from the WikiLeaks revelations” and become wiser about what goes on behind the scenes, that they rush to try to indict Manning and Assange. Anytime anyone documents evil, that person can expect retribution—and the need arises for masses of people to rise at once to the defense of heroes.
Report thisBy berniem, March 2, 2012 at 2:54 pm Link to this comment
Just further proof that humankind is incapable of benefitting from accumulated knowledge of any but that of a frivolous or greed driven nature. How else to explain the current persecution of Bradley Manning as well as Julian Assange? Also, we concoct scurillous and irrational reasons for the ever worsening conditions scene throughout the world and never address the ultimate cause of humanity’s woes, namely an unbridled and insane growth of the world’s population with all of the destruction it portends! Oh, and please spare me all of the theological BS as arguement against this reality. Don’t for a moment believe that those clerical parasites out there think a whit about the fate of humanity beyond maintaining their priveleged status as arbitors of all things “spiritual”!
Report thisBy truedigger3, March 1, 2012 at 9:45 pm Link to this comment
Re: By gerard, March 1 at 4:47 pm
gerard wrote quoting wikipidia:
“historians from the same culture have been shown to come to differing conclusions on the causes of the war.”
Report this———————————————————————-
gerard,
For each war there is the real cause and there is the bullshit cause.
The real cause for the WWI was that Germany at that time, was a rising formidable industrial, scientific and military power and with its poor diplomacy scared and antagonized everybody.
What more atagonized everybody of its colonial neighbors aka the British, French and the Russians is that Germany demanded a share in the loot from the colonies.
It was very easy for the British with their superb cunning diplomacy to unite almost the whole of Europe against Germany.
The US sided with the British and their allies because if Germany would win, then the US will have to confront in the future a united Europe under the Germany with more population and resources from the colonies.
By jimmmmmy, March 1, 2012 at 8:00 pm Link to this comment
gerard the flu epidemic started at a supply dump /troop transfer point called etaple in france in late 16 or early 17. i think it actually ended in 23-24 at least in scotland. in canada where i live 100000 natives are thought to have died of the flu in the twenties no one was counting or treating it on the reserves or in northern canada, so anecdotal evidence is used to make this estimate, grave yard numbers and interviews.
Report thisBy gerard, March 1, 2012 at 5:47 pm Link to this comment
Brief summare from Wikipedia: “In attributing causes for the war, historians and academics had to deal with an unprecedented flood of memoirs and official documents, released as each country involved tried to avoid blame for starting the war. Early releases of information by governments, particularly those released for use by the “Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of the War” were shown to be incomplete and biased. In addition some documents, especially diplomatic cables between Russia and France, were found to have been doctored. Even in later decades however, when much more information had been released, historians from the same culture have been shown to come to differing conclusions on the causes of the war.”
“In 1918 an international influenza epidemic of 1918-1919 killed more people than the Great War, known today as World War I.” I still remember the gold-framed sepia photograph of proudly-uniformed Cousin Laurence on the enamel mantel over the fireplace in the livingroom of what was once his home. He lived through the war, but died of “flu” before they could ship him back to the States.
Report thisBy frecklefever, March 1, 2012 at 5:13 pm Link to this comment
THE SPARK…A LITTLE MAN WITH A LITTLE PISTOL…HISTORIANS ARE STILL
Report thisPUZZLED WHY THE MURDER OF AN ARISTOCRAT WOULD LEAD TO A WORLD
WAR…A GUESS COULD BE THAT WHEN A STATE RELIGION BECOMES
MILITARISM AND FASHIONABLE…THIS INFECTION CAN SPREAD AND EASE
INTO WAR…HYPNOTIZED…
By Jim Yell, March 1, 2012 at 3:36 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
The only point of contention I have with this article is the statement that the better educated were hit disportionatley hard in WWI. At lest they usually had incomes and financial worth to cushion the injuries and loses, which the poor largely did not have. Their families were living on the edge and then lost their main wage earner to the war which should never have been.
I had a great Uncle who was raised a solid farmer in the middle of the country and he was repeatedly gassed in the trenchs and contracted TB as a result. He spent the last 10 years of his life battling TB and spending much of the time ill. He died at 33 young years.
I have a cousin, the son of my second Great Uncle who also served in the trenches and spent his life suffering from PTS. His sisters families state he kept them awake at night on visits, screaming. He never married and worked his life as farm labor.He was 47 when he died.
All their years fought for a war that destroyed so many and impoverished a large part of the world. All for Arrogant Men who thought they were in control. All because of knee-jerk patriotic manipulation and inspite of everything the powerful still use the same strategy with the same disasterous results, except for the wealth that the patriotic industrialist and investor makes upon the mayhem.
I think we all want to be proud of our country and our culture, but if we keep allowing ourselves to be led around by the nose by incompetent leaders, well whose fault is it?
Report thisBy frecklefever, March 1, 2012 at 1:18 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
THE SPARK…ONE LITTLE MAN WITH A LTTLE PISTOL ...HISTORIANS ARE STILL
Report thisPUZZLED WHY THE DEATH OF ONE ARISTOCRAT COULD RESULT IN WORLD
WAR…A GUESS COULD BE MILITARISM AS STATE RELIGION…AND THIS
INFECTION BECOMING FASHIONABLE…A CASUAL LEAD INTO MASS
PSYCHOSIS…
By joan moore, March 1, 2012 at 11:04 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Where is the great screen writer who will bring the heroic and little known epic story of Eugene Debbs to the screen? I have often thought that his story had everything…drama, politics, race, religion, war. He was a remarkable man with a body of amazing work that would make a really important statement about American history. All those years ago when I saw Warren Beatty in “Red”, I thought that the Debbs story would have been so much more interesting and relevent to USAmerican history buffs.
Report thisUSAmericans are undereducated and not very curious. We need stories. That is why the movie industry has been so important to our culture. Of course, it is a mixed bag. Bad history is the norm, in the movies (ie The Alamo… in it’s various incarnations).
We are approaching the centenial of The Great War. Perhaps there will be some good art to come from it….one can hope.
By Jason Logan, March 1, 2012 at 10:28 am Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
The various British “Royals” began to intermarry with Protestant European nobility following the House of Stuart’s tendency to revert to Catholicism. So Queen Mary was wed to William of Orange (Holland) and subsequently Germany’s House of Hanover provided the Georges -First, Second & Third. Queen Victoria later married Prince Albert of the House of Saxe Cobourg -
Report thisGotha (changed to Windsor in WWI). The British monarch is also the head of the Church of England .(Episcopal Church in the U.S. had to realign its apostolic authority through Scottish bishops beginning with the American Revolution to avoid swearing allegiance to the English crown).
By jimmmmmy, March 1, 2012 at 9:06 am Link to this comment
another stunningly informative article, thanx
Report thisBy jimmmmmy, March 1, 2012 at 9:02 am Link to this comment
the british royal family was of german origin ,hanover , haps-coburg.they changed their surname to windsor in 1917, because of their suspected german ties.
Report thisBy rumblingspire, February 29, 2012 at 8:20 pm Link to this comment
(Unregistered commenter)
Soldier. Lay down your gun. Be a real hero!
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