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Hollywood’s Closet Still Closed for BusinessPosted on Nov 26, 2008
By Larry Gross On Nov. 27, 1978, Harvey Milk, the first openly gay member of San Francisco’s Board of Supervisors, was assassinated. Thirty years later, on Nov. 26, 2008, the film “Milk” will open, directed by Gus Van Sant and starring Sean Penn as Harvey Milk. Besides marking a historic anniversary, this opening concludes a decades-long effort to bring the story of Harvey Milk’s life and death to the Hollywood screen (a documentary, “The Times of Harvey Milk,” was made, and won an Oscar in 1985). As they launched the project that led to the making of “Milk,” after many prior attempts by many writers and directors had failed, Van Sant and writer Dustin Lance Black hoped to achieve another cinematic milestone by casting openly gay actors as the gay and lesbian people in the forefront of the story, especially in the key role of Harvey Milk. In this they did not succeed, and this tells us something important about the position of gay people in Hollywood today. Being openly gay behind the camera is no longer a problem, and some have claimed that it’s even a plus in many instances. In the case of “Milk,” besides Van Sant and Black, there were numerous gay folk behind the camera, and some gay cast members, such as prominent New York theater actor Stephen Spinella. But the lead gay roles of Milk, his lovers Scott Smith and Jack Lira, his aides Cleve Jones and Ann Kronenberg, are all played by straight actors. What’s going on here? The first major Hollywood “gay themed” film since “Brokeback Mountain,” and moreover (unlike “Brokeback”), this one is about openly gay activists, not tortured closet cases. Yet, once again, the lead gay roles couldn’t be filled by openly gay actors. To their credit, Van Sant and Black refused to cast closeted gay actors in these roles, although more than a few signaled their interest. But the simple reality is that there is not a supply of openly gay actors acceptable to the producers of a big-budget film. So the question is, why is Hollywood’s closet door still locked so tight? The answers are both complicated and simple. Let’s start with the simple ones. First, there are more openly gay performers than in the past, and many of them are doing just fine, thank you. But always with qualifications. Ellen DeGeneres may be Hollywood’s most prominent lesbian these days but, like her East Coast counterpart Rosie O’Donnell, Ellen is a misleading example, because acting was never her strong suit. Ellen was always most appealing as a version of herself, a spontaneously funny person, but when she came out on her eponymous TV show, the ratings tanked after the excitement subsided. Her current success as a talk show host depends on her personality and her willingness to keep her sexuality tacitly unspoken. There has been a recent exception to this, when she spoke about her marriage to Portia de Rossi, and her opposition to Prop. 8, which recently outlawed same-sex marriage in California. Similarly, Melissa Etheridge, Hollywood’s other leading lesbian, is a singer who never played to the male audience’s romantic fantasies. Portia de Rossi’s most recent role, after her relationship with DeGeneres became public, is as a lesbian on cable station FX’s “Nip/Tuck.” Of course, any discussion of Hollywood’s lesbians must contend with Jody Foster, who remained resolutely confined in her glass closet until December 2007, when, accepting an award at a Women in Entertainment breakfast, she broke her taboo to thank “my beautiful Cydney, who sticks with me through all the rotten and the bliss,” thus for the first time publicly acknowledging—if still in somewhat coded words—the woman she lived with for 14 years. Six months later, Foster dumped Cydney Bernard for another woman, screenwriter Cindy Mort—perhaps she got tired of the pretentious spelling. But Foster is 45, well into Hollywood’s Bermuda Triangle—that mysterious territory into which actresses disappear once they are no longer “young” and from which they may later emerge as “older women” who are no longer cast in leading romantic roles. On the male side, things are not much different. There are some openly gay actors in Hollywood, but none that challenge the primacy of the closet. In movies, there are the British queers, Ian McKellen, who is not the leading-man type, and Rupert Everett, who thinks he should be. As Everett told The Times of London, he “believes that his sexuality has cost him ‘tons’ of leading roles” during his career. In his acclaimed and frequently outspoken autobiography “Red Carpets and Other Banana Skins,” he claims that the head of MGM once vetoed his casting as the male lead opposite Sharon Stone in a film, saying that for “all intents and purposes, a homosexual was a pervert in the eyes of America and the world would never accept me in the role and therefore MGM would never hire me.” (Hoyle, 2007). This puts the matter clearly in focus: Will American, and world, audiences accept openly gay actors in leading roles? In the Hollywood lexicon, A-list leading actors generally mean action and/or romantic roles, and being accepted by audiences means being credible as an action hero and a (heterosexual) lover. In the minds of studio executives, we’re told, known queers don’t qualify for either or both of these essential attributes, and so, no dice. But surely things are different these days? Yes and no.
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By Blueboy1938, December 2, 2008 at 3:31 am #
Penn’s women (beards?): Elisabeth McGovern, Madonna, Robin Wright (two children), Jewel.
Unless those were all fake relationships and his children had surrogate fathers, I think we can safely say that Sean Penn is straight.
Report thisBy actor from LA, December 2, 2008 at 12:17 am #
(Unregistered commenter)
an actor worth his or her salt would most likely want to remain as typeless as possible, whether they like guys or chicks or both or just themselves. They have to hide in order to be open.
If an artist comes out of the closet then that is probably necessary in their eyes for their art to exist truthfully, or for them to exist truthfully. For some it might be more truthful to be as unknown in the real world as possible. Sean might be gay for all we know.
Report thisBy JimBob, December 1, 2008 at 10:36 pm #
Straight roles have been filled by openly gay actors for decades, what’s wrong with returning the favor?
Report thisBy Maani, November 28, 2008 at 7:43 pm #
The following three comments sum up this entire discussion:
Dave24: “I’d rather see a great actor like Sean Penn play a profound role, rather than choosing an actor based on their personal sexuality. Choosing actors should be based on talent.”
SuzieKidder: “I think Harrison Ford said it all when asked how it felt to work with a ‘lesbian’ - Anne Heche in Six Days. His evolved, gracious and accurate response, ‘You mean, a thespian?’” (though Heche is, sadly, more lesbian than thespian…LOL).
BruSays: “Gays have been playing straight roles since the first actors stepped on stage. Nobody knew any different because (a) they’re actors and playing roles is what they do…and (b) it was assumed…that every gay person fits into their stereotypical Liberace or Richard Simmons role and couldn’t act any differently if they tried. I think there remains an ignorance that in reality, to most people most gays are indistinguishable from the population at large.”
Besides (and these are simply questions for thought), what makes someone “homosexual?” A single experience? Multiple experiences? An ongoing lifestyle? If the first, then two of the most “macho” actors today - Sly Stallone and John Travolta - are “homosexual.” If the second, then even more actors are homosexual. If the last, then even more…
Second, why is it NECESSARY that a homosexual actor be “out of the closet” - i.e., OVERTLY homosexual - in order to be “accepted” by the Hollywood community as a “gay” actor? This seems awfully intrusive. Jodie Foster’s determined closetedness does not make her any less great an actress, whether she is playing a straight or gay woman. Nor does it seem to effect Ian McKellan, who has given us two of the greatest, “male” screen roles of last decade in the fantasy genre: Gandalf and Magneto.
Personally, I find this entire issue distasteful, and ultimately insulting to the gay community.
Peace.
Report thisBy BruSays, November 28, 2008 at 6:36 pm #
Gays have been playing straight roles since the first actors stepped on stage. Nobody knew any different because A) they’re actors and playing roles is what they do (duh) and B) it was assumed - and many continue to assume - that every gay person fits into their stereotypical Liberace or Richard Simmons role and couldn’t act any differently if they tried.
I think there remains an ignorance that in reality, to most people most gays are indistinguishable from the population at large. But, Brokeback Mountain and a very few other films excepted, Hollywood continues to feel more comfortable pushing the ignorant stereotype rather than the reality because the stereotype is safer and sells more tickets. There’s no risk portraying gays in the fringe, effeminate, conflicted, brooding or zany comedic roles (“Zack & Miri Make a Porno,” “Ugly Betty,” etc. than as they actually are.
And Russian Paul…spot on. It’s been my view that gays are far more connected to a broader spread of non-gay issues than the general population.
Report thisBy troublesum, November 28, 2008 at 12:33 pm #
Agreed, Nicholson is the greatest. Talent is what matters.
Report thisBy Dave24, November 28, 2008 at 1:33 am #
troublesum: I agree with you—but my point in general is that Jack Nicholson’s interpretation of a character is where the talent shines. That’s what he was paid for as an actor: to interpret a particular character. And sexual preference, in the case of this article, has no bearing on talent.
Report thisBy troublesum, November 27, 2008 at 8:27 pm #
It’s not who gets the part; it’s who writes the script. When gay people are scripted out of true stories or histories, that’s not good. Americans can’t bear too much reality. It has to be sugar coated. For example, “Shakespeare in Love” had to be presented as a light romantic comedy for an American audience. Anyone familiar with the sonnets knows the reality was anything but that.
Report thisBy rhbee, November 27, 2008 at 4:29 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)
that this discussion is as healthy an example of how far out of the closet we all have come (yes, denying gays their sexual orientation does put heteros in a closet, too)? Penn wanted the role. Does anyone think that would have been true when he started his career? The fact that every where we turn on tv these days we are being treated to girls going lesbo only shows to go yuh that gay is truly here to stay.
Report thisBy troublesum, November 27, 2008 at 12:47 pm #
Dave24
Can’t imagine Jack Nicholson playing a general unless the general happened to be off his rocker.
Russian Paul
Report thisI didn’t say gay activists were “unaware” of other causes; I said or meant to say that they were uninvolved in causes which are unrelated to gay rights and that this is to their own detriment. I don’t see Milk as a gay activist. He was an activist.
By Suzie Kidder, November 27, 2008 at 12:32 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)
I think Harrison Ford said it all when asked how it felt to work with a “lesbian” - Anne Heche in Six Days?
His evolved, gracious and accurate response, “You mean, a thespian?”
Report thisBy Dave24, November 27, 2008 at 12:11 pm #
I’d rather see a great actor like Sean Penn play a profound role, rather than choosing an actor based on their personal sexuality. Choosing actors should be based on talent.
It might be more authentic to get, for a example, a real general to play the role of a general in a movie; but I’d rather see Jack Nicholson perform it.
Report thisBy mad_world, November 27, 2008 at 10:42 am #
(Unregistered commenter)
It’s called acting. You don’t have to be what you play.
Report thisBy Mike - Venice Beach, November 27, 2008 at 9:23 am #
(Unregistered commenter)
I was troubled by the non-existent “gay people” in the “no on Prop 8” advertising campaign. Every commercial that I saw on television had someone else advocating for us. This was a strategic mistake.
Gay families are good families and should have been shown in all of their oh so normal glory. After all “we” are fighting for ”“our rights” and should not be afraid to tell our stories.
With the “no on Prop 8” campaign we put ourselves back in the closet and it made us look ashamed to be and show who we are.
We can do better!
Report thisBy Russian Paul, November 27, 2008 at 12:23 am #
Troublesum - To say that gays don’t reach out and support other causes than their own…and then to imply this is why Prop 8 passed is an ignorant assumption.
Most of us gays are well aware of other more pressing issues facing us now…But gay marriage was not on the table in Milk’s time - this is what we are focusing on now. Proposition 8 only passed because people were repeatedly told two lies: homosexuality will be taught in schools and churches will lose their tax exempt status…and good old-fashioned prejudice.
Report thisBy troublesum, November 26, 2008 at 11:09 pm #
What I remember about Milk - and I learned this from the 1984 documentary - was that he was interested in more than just gay issues. He was trying to build a coalition of leftist groups includion labor unions, womens rights groups, the elderly, the poor, unlike todays gay leaders who seem to care only about gay rights. This probably has something to do with why proposition 8 passed.
Report thisBy lindabeth, November 26, 2008 at 9:43 pm #
I thought this was a great article, but I think your characterization of Lohan as “openly gay” is a bit exaggerated. Unless something’s happened that I’m unaware of, Lohan did not use the work gay or lesbian to characterize her or her relationship in her public “admission” of the relationship, and afterwards, there was even an attempt to backpedal by saying that wasn’t what she meant when she said “love.” She’s also 20 years old, and unfortunately, in our society, it’s very hip especially for young women to faux lesbian or faux bisexual, so I’m not sure how seriously people even take her dubious queer status when she hasn’t used the words lesbian or bisexual definitively.
As far as being “bankable,” its circular: if you don’t get the needed exposure because of prejudicial assumptions about your sexuality, you’ll never become bankable.
But I really liked this suggestion: “Could we be in a historical moment when the system—studios, agents, actors—are worried about an audience reaction that is no longer real?” This is the same for women as well—the assumption by the execs that only certain types of roles for certain people will be money-makers. Therefore, such movies that challenge assumptions aren’t made, and when they are, they are poorly funded and become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Hollywood is uber-cautious: time and again, it goes with what it know will make money, and continues discriminating in the process, so I agree that they’re way behind the population in terms of actual attitudes. But will they ever get the guts to find out they’re wrong?
Report thisBy alterid, November 26, 2008 at 8:11 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)
baloney…....premise worth consideration for a moment..
Report thisnope. baloney.
By Linda, November 26, 2008 at 4:56 pm #
(Unregistered commenter)
Not to deny or gloss over any discrimination (overt or otherwise) practiced by casting agents and directors against GLBT actors, I believe that in casting all biographical films—‘Milk’ and ‘W’ being only two recent examples—the casting agent first and foremost seeks an actor who bears a strong physical resemblance to the subject and who has the necessary gravitas to bring forth the famous personality.
Will Ferrell was brilliantly spot on as 43 on Saturday Night Live, but for the film ‘W’ I believe that because of his comedic portrayal on SNL, Mr. Ferrell could not have brought the necessary gravitas to the role that Josh Brolin did. I cannot imagine anyone other than Sean Penn playing the role of Harvey Milk.
Report thisBy Russian Paul, November 26, 2008 at 3:50 pm #
Being a very talented (and gay) director, I’ll trust Van Sant’s decisions…My biggest concern when I see gays portrayed in media is that they are always shown as effeminate charactures (Bravo TV).
Report thisBy Blueboy1938, November 26, 2008 at 3:20 pm #
The fact that roles are being written for same-sex oriented characters that are so good that actors straight and gay fight to play them is light years ahead of prior periods. It’s already been said that the “best” and “most bankable” stars have priority when putting together a movie deal, as that’s where the money will be. It is only natural for directors and producers to cast them when possible. Milk star Penn wanted to play that part, has the chops and the stature to attract funding, and along with that other stars. As a business decision, hiring him was a no brainer. It is also turning into an artistic coup as well, and Penn will very likely get an Oscar nomination at the very least.
That said, out GLBT actors are making progress in being accepted to play whatever roles. It is a difficult and slow process, but at least it is progress. Some of those actors want to avoid being pigeonholed into just playing “gay” roles, and that is consistent with the idea that an actor can play a variety of roles. That has been more easily done by straight actors, notably Javier Bardem, the Brokeback duo Jake Gyllenhaal and Heath Ledger, and even super macho Antonio Banderas. The fact that didn’t hurt their careers significantly is only a recent and welcome phenomenon, as it overcomes that fear.
You don’t have to have a gay actor play a gay character, and you don’t have to have a straight actor play a straight role. For things to even out to the point that it becomes unremarkable enough that no one bothers to take notice and write about or debate it will take a bit more time.
Report thisBy troublesum, November 26, 2008 at 1:49 pm #
Why is there so much homophobia at this website? Whenever there is a column dealing with gay issues, 90% of the people who post here won’t go near it. Isn’t it unusual for a left-leaning site to be so homophobic? If you read and respond to a column about homosexuality will it make you gay?
Report thisBy Anarcissie, November 26, 2008 at 12:45 pm #
But what is the “best and most bankable actor”? If the article is correct about audiences mainly using the movies to inspire fantasies about the actors, and most people are strongly heterosexual, then the Gay actors won’t be bankable no matter how good they are as actors. Such movies are a kind of pornography, and porn, open or covert, has to synchronize with its audience’s fantasy life regardless of whether it’s politically correct.
Report thisBy troublesum, November 26, 2008 at 10:45 am #
It’s a matter of the actors themselves coming out of the closet. The majority of male actors are probably gay and especially the ones who take tough guy roles. According to a recent biography of Marlon Brando, he had several homosexual affairs. Americans can’t bear too much reality; it has to be sugar coated. That’s what hollywood is all about.
Report thisBy Frank, November 26, 2008 at 8:49 am #
Larry Gross’s idea that the same audience that accepts a gay leading character would not accept a gay actor in the role is pretty silly. The reality is that the best and most bankable actors get the roles. How else should a business function?
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